Roger D. Winland, DDS, MS, MAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):8. 

Ron Jackson, DDS, FAACD, FAGD, FACD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):10-12

Samuel M. Strong, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):14-16. 

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):18-19

Larry Williams, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):20-22.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):78. 

2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):80.  

Martin Pendola, DDS, MS
Subrata Saha, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):24-28.  
The objective of this study was to test the mechanical properties of a dental ceramic used in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing after the specimens were processed with microwave hybrid sintering. When ceramic specimens were sintered with microwaves, the processing times were shorter, the protocols were simpler, and hardness and flexural strength values were greater than those for conventionally processed specimens.

Vaibhav Jain, BDS
Abhishek Dubey, BDS
Jitendra Kumar, BDS
Sonal Srivastava, BDS
Manaswita Tripathy, BDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):30-32.  

This atypical case report describes the accidental swallowing of a hypodermic needle by a patient during root canal treatment. The needle was safely removed by gastrointestinal endoscopy after 24 hours, but the incident emphasizes the need for rubber dam placement and proper vigilance during all endodontic and restorative procedures to prevent such events, which can be life-threatening or fatal.

Arthur F. Lamia, DDS, MS
N.J. McDonald, BDS, MS
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):33-37. 

This study used microcomputed tomography to evaluate the frequency of conjoined mesial canals in 206 first and second mandibular molars with a single distal canal. Examination revealed 129 teeth (62.6%) with conjoined mesial canals with a single portal of exit (71 second molars and 58 first molars). Conjoined mesial canals exhibited a mean interorifice distance of less than 3.00 mm.

Omid Fakheran Esfahani, DDS
Mohammad Fazel Pouraboutaleb, PharmD
Behnam Khorami, DDS, MSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):39-42.  

This study evaluated the effect of submucosal injection of hydralazine hydrochloride on the duration of oral soft tissue anesthesia after routine dental treatment. On completion of dental treatment, 50 patients who had received inferior alveolar nerve block (2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine) randomly received a hydralazine or sham injection. Median recovery times in the hydralazine and sham groups were 81.4 (SD, 3.6) and 221.8 (SD, 6.3) minutes, respectively, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001).

Maria Clara Maneira Gama, DDS
Denise Gusmao de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Paulo Mauricio Batista da Silva, DDS, MSc
Ronald Ordinola-Zapata, DDS, MSc, MD
Marco Hungaro Duarte, DDS, MSc, MD
Vinicius Carvalho Porto, DDS, MSc, MD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):43-47.  

The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on 24-hour Candida albicans biofilms. The 4% CHX solution showed antifungal activity against C albicans biofilms but failed to decrease the biovolume to the levels of 2% NaOCl, which eliminated viable cells more effectively and appeared to be more effective in disrupting the attached biofilms.

Catarina Ribeiro Barros de Alencar, DDS, MSc
Gabriela Cristina de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Fernanda Lyrio Mendonca, DDS, MSc
Marcelo Juliano Moretto, DDS, MSc, PhD
Franciny Querobim Ionta, DDS, MSc
Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado, DDS, MSc, PhD
Daniela Rios, DDS, MSc, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):48-51.  

If dietary and hygiene measures fail to arrest early childhood caries, resin infiltration may slow or arrest progression of white-spot lesions. In resin infiltration, the porous lesion body is penetrated by a low-viscosity resin, blocking the diffusion of cariogenic acids into the lesion. This case report describes the use of a resin infiltrant to treat white-spot lesions in a 24-month-old boy.

Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
Edina Veloso Goncalves Antunes, DDS, MS
Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana Mantovani Gomes Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Martao Florio, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):52-56.  

This in vitro study evaluated calcium and phosphorus concentrations in enamel surfaces before, during, and after treatment with in-office 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents containing 2% calcium gluconate (WCa) or no calcium gluconate. In both groups, there was a statistically significant decrease in calcium concentration 7 days after the last treatment, but there was a recovery to baseline values at 14 days. The phosphorus concentration in the WCa group decreased after the third application but increased to baseline values posttreatment.

Joyce Pinho Bezerra, DDS, MS, PhD
Luciana Machion Shaddox, DDS, MS, PhD
Adriana Cutrim de Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Marta Ferreira Bastos, BMSc, MS, PhD
Tamires Szeremeske de Miranda, DDS, MS
Vanessa Renata Santos, DDS, MS, PhD
Poliana Mendes Duarte, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):58-64.  

This split-mouth, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of surgical debridement (SD) and nonsurgical debridement (NSD), in association with amoxicillin and metronidazole, on residual pockets and adjacent healthy sites in patients with type 2 diabetes. SD and NSD resulted in similar clinical benefits at 12 months. In SD sites, a short-term increase in the levels of proinflammatory biomarkers probably can be attributed to tissue trauma and healing, and a long-term decrease in the levels of chemotactic factors may reflect remission of infection and stable wound healing.

Liliane Motta de Lima, DDS
Jessica Dantas Abreu, DDS
Flavia Cohen-Carneiro, PhD
Diego Ferreira Regalado, PhD
Danielson Guedes Pontes, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):66-69.  

A new methodology was used to evaluate the fluorescence of 3 microhybrid and 3 nanohybrid composite resins and compare it to that of natural tooth control specimens. The specimens were photographed inside a box with ultraviolet light and the red-green-blue color space of each image was quantified. The fluorescence of Amelogen specimens was statistically similar to that of the control group and significantly greater than those of the other groups.

Matthew R. Frykenberg
Abraham Schneider, DDS, PhD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):70-72.  

Metformin has long been the drug of choice for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that metformin might also have antineoplastic effects. This article reviews studies that examine the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer properties of metformin and discusses the possible use of this antidiabetic biguanide in the chemoprevention and treatment of head and neck cancer.

Adepitan A. Owosho, BChD
Joanne L. Prasad, DDS
Marion A. Hughes, MD
Elizabeth A. Bilodeau, DMD, MD, MSEd
Anitha Potluri, BDS, DMD, MDSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):74-77.  

Three patients each presented with an asymptomatic mixed radiopaque and radiolucent lesion of the maxillary sinus associated with a nonvital tooth. A radiographic diagnosis of a collapsed (ruptured) radicular cyst was rendered in each case. Results of histological analysis of 1 lesion supported the diagnosis. The radiographic and histopathological features, etiology, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis of this condition are discussed.

Marilene Trindade, PhD
Silvana Orestes-Cardoso, PhD
Teresa Cristina de Siqueira, NPTS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e1-e4.

The aim of the present study was to compare 2 groups of patients with bruxism (11 in each group) treated for 4 months with either an occlusal splint combined with cognitive behavioral therapy or an occlusal splint alone. The combination of occlusal splint and psychological therapy was more effective at achieving muscle relaxation than occlusal splint use alone.

Rosalia Rey, DDS
Eduardo Mondragon
Chiayi Shen, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e5-e9.  

This in vitro study investigated the interfacial flexural strength of amalgam repairs and the optimal combination of repair materials and mechanical retention required for a consistent and durable repair bond. Amalgam-amalgam repair with adequate condensation yielded the most consistent and durable bond.

Wayne W. Maibaum, MA, DMD, FAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e10-e11.  

An unusual lesion that posed a diagnostic challenge was found on the lingual surface of the right mandible of a 52-year-old man. The lesion was asymptomatic, and the patient was unaware of its presence. The lesion was ultimately diagnosed as an oral ulceration with sequestration, which the patient removed himself.

Michael J. Metz, DMD, MSD, MS, MBA
Brandon M. Stapleton, DMD
Bryan T. Harris, DMD, CDT
Wei-Shao Lin, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e12-e17.  

This report describes treatment of a patient with severe, chronic, poorly controlled GERD and resulting loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO). First, the demineralization process was controlled and measures were taken to restore adequate stimulated salivary flow, and then indirect laboratory-fabricated composite resin restorations were adhesively bonded to replace lost tooth structure and reestablish the patient’s collapsed VDO.

Lucia de Fatima Almeida de Deus Moura, DDS, PhD
Valeria Leopoldino de Area-Leao, DDS, PhD
Marcoeli Silva de Moura, DDS, PhD
Carmem Dolores Vilarinho Soares de Moura, DDS, PhD
Alessandro Ribeiro Goncalves, DDS, PhD
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima, DDS, MSc
Marina de Deus Moura de Lima, DDS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e18-e22.  

A longitudinal crown-root fracture with pulp exposure in a maxillary left central incisor was treated by autogenous bonding of the tooth fragment with self-curing composite resin, and a calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing was placed. The calcium hydroxide was replaced at 45-day intervals and the canal was definitively obturated after 1 year. The 16-year follow-up revealed satisfactory clinical conditions and no resorption or periapical changes.

Michelle B. Moraes, PhD
Maria G. Naclerio-Homem, PhD
Rodrigo D. Nascimento, PhD
Jose Benedito O. Amorim, PhD
Fernando V. Raldi, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e23-e27.  

This study compared the electromyographic activity of the superficial masseter and temporal muscles before, during, and after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. No patients showed alterations in muscle tone, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the muscles at any time at either mandibular rest or isometric contraction position. However, the degree of mouth opening increased 11.76% from presurgery to 30 days postsurgery.

Inaam Pedalino, DDS, MS
Grant R. Hartup, DDS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e28-e34.  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the depth of cure of bulk-fill flowable composite resins (SureFil SDR Flow, Grandio Flow,and Venus Bulk Fill) and a conventional flowable composite resin (Revolution Formula 2). The overall results for depth of cure showed that Venus Bulk Fill ≥ SureFil SDR ≥ Grandio Flow ≥ Revolution Formula 2.

Jaikrishnan S., BDS
Jojo Kottoor, MDS
Joy Mathew, MDS
Sanjana Ravi Kumar, MDS
Saira George, MDS
Krishna Hari, MDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e35-e37.  

This case report describes a patient with unusual tooth morphology involving the bilateral presence of 6 first and second molars with a single root and a single canal. The article also discusses the endodontic management of a single-rooted maxillary molar and the use of CBCT for evaluation and diagnosis of these anatomical variations.

Roger D. Winland, DDS, MS, MAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):8. 

Ron Jackson, DDS, FAACD, FAGD, FACD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):10-12

Samuel M. Strong, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):14-16. 

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):18-19

Larry Williams, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):20-22.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):78. 

2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):80.  

Martin Pendola, DDS, MS
Subrata Saha, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):24-28.  
The objective of this study was to test the mechanical properties of a dental ceramic used in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing after the specimens were processed with microwave hybrid sintering. When ceramic specimens were sintered with microwaves, the processing times were shorter, the protocols were simpler, and hardness and flexural strength values were greater than those for conventionally processed specimens.

Vaibhav Jain, BDS
Abhishek Dubey, BDS
Jitendra Kumar, BDS
Sonal Srivastava, BDS
Manaswita Tripathy, BDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):30-32.  

This atypical case report describes the accidental swallowing of a hypodermic needle by a patient during root canal treatment. The needle was safely removed by gastrointestinal endoscopy after 24 hours, but the incident emphasizes the need for rubber dam placement and proper vigilance during all endodontic and restorative procedures to prevent such events, which can be life-threatening or fatal.

Arthur F. Lamia, DDS, MS
N.J. McDonald, BDS, MS
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):33-37. 

This study used microcomputed tomography to evaluate the frequency of conjoined mesial canals in 206 first and second mandibular molars with a single distal canal. Examination revealed 129 teeth (62.6%) with conjoined mesial canals with a single portal of exit (71 second molars and 58 first molars). Conjoined mesial canals exhibited a mean interorifice distance of less than 3.00 mm.

Omid Fakheran Esfahani, DDS
Mohammad Fazel Pouraboutaleb, PharmD
Behnam Khorami, DDS, MSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):39-42.  

This study evaluated the effect of submucosal injection of hydralazine hydrochloride on the duration of oral soft tissue anesthesia after routine dental treatment. On completion of dental treatment, 50 patients who had received inferior alveolar nerve block (2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine) randomly received a hydralazine or sham injection. Median recovery times in the hydralazine and sham groups were 81.4 (SD, 3.6) and 221.8 (SD, 6.3) minutes, respectively, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001).

Maria Clara Maneira Gama, DDS
Denise Gusmao de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Paulo Mauricio Batista da Silva, DDS, MSc
Ronald Ordinola-Zapata, DDS, MSc, MD
Marco Hungaro Duarte, DDS, MSc, MD
Vinicius Carvalho Porto, DDS, MSc, MD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):43-47.  

The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on 24-hour Candida albicans biofilms. The 4% CHX solution showed antifungal activity against C albicans biofilms but failed to decrease the biovolume to the levels of 2% NaOCl, which eliminated viable cells more effectively and appeared to be more effective in disrupting the attached biofilms.

Catarina Ribeiro Barros de Alencar, DDS, MSc
Gabriela Cristina de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Fernanda Lyrio Mendonca, DDS, MSc
Marcelo Juliano Moretto, DDS, MSc, PhD
Franciny Querobim Ionta, DDS, MSc
Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado, DDS, MSc, PhD
Daniela Rios, DDS, MSc, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):48-51.  

If dietary and hygiene measures fail to arrest early childhood caries, resin infiltration may slow or arrest progression of white-spot lesions. In resin infiltration, the porous lesion body is penetrated by a low-viscosity resin, blocking the diffusion of cariogenic acids into the lesion. This case report describes the use of a resin infiltrant to treat white-spot lesions in a 24-month-old boy.

Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
Edina Veloso Goncalves Antunes, DDS, MS
Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana Mantovani Gomes Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Martao Florio, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):52-56.  

This in vitro study evaluated calcium and phosphorus concentrations in enamel surfaces before, during, and after treatment with in-office 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents containing 2% calcium gluconate (WCa) or no calcium gluconate. In both groups, there was a statistically significant decrease in calcium concentration 7 days after the last treatment, but there was a recovery to baseline values at 14 days. The phosphorus concentration in the WCa group decreased after the third application but increased to baseline values posttreatment.

Joyce Pinho Bezerra, DDS, MS, PhD
Luciana Machion Shaddox, DDS, MS, PhD
Adriana Cutrim de Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Marta Ferreira Bastos, BMSc, MS, PhD
Tamires Szeremeske de Miranda, DDS, MS
Vanessa Renata Santos, DDS, MS, PhD
Poliana Mendes Duarte, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):58-64.  

This split-mouth, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of surgical debridement (SD) and nonsurgical debridement (NSD), in association with amoxicillin and metronidazole, on residual pockets and adjacent healthy sites in patients with type 2 diabetes. SD and NSD resulted in similar clinical benefits at 12 months. In SD sites, a short-term increase in the levels of proinflammatory biomarkers probably can be attributed to tissue trauma and healing, and a long-term decrease in the levels of chemotactic factors may reflect remission of infection and stable wound healing.

Liliane Motta de Lima, DDS
Jessica Dantas Abreu, DDS
Flavia Cohen-Carneiro, PhD
Diego Ferreira Regalado, PhD
Danielson Guedes Pontes, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):66-69.  

A new methodology was used to evaluate the fluorescence of 3 microhybrid and 3 nanohybrid composite resins and compare it to that of natural tooth control specimens. The specimens were photographed inside a box with ultraviolet light and the red-green-blue color space of each image was quantified. The fluorescence of Amelogen specimens was statistically similar to that of the control group and significantly greater than those of the other groups.

Matthew R. Frykenberg
Abraham Schneider, DDS, PhD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):70-72.  

Metformin has long been the drug of choice for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that metformin might also have antineoplastic effects. This article reviews studies that examine the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer properties of metformin and discusses the possible use of this antidiabetic biguanide in the chemoprevention and treatment of head and neck cancer.

Adepitan A. Owosho, BChD
Joanne L. Prasad, DDS
Marion A. Hughes, MD
Elizabeth A. Bilodeau, DMD, MD, MSEd
Anitha Potluri, BDS, DMD, MDSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):74-77.  

Three patients each presented with an asymptomatic mixed radiopaque and radiolucent lesion of the maxillary sinus associated with a nonvital tooth. A radiographic diagnosis of a collapsed (ruptured) radicular cyst was rendered in each case. Results of histological analysis of 1 lesion supported the diagnosis. The radiographic and histopathological features, etiology, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis of this condition are discussed.

Marilene Trindade, PhD
Silvana Orestes-Cardoso, PhD
Teresa Cristina de Siqueira, NPTS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e1-e4.

The aim of the present study was to compare 2 groups of patients with bruxism (11 in each group) treated for 4 months with either an occlusal splint combined with cognitive behavioral therapy or an occlusal splint alone. The combination of occlusal splint and psychological therapy was more effective at achieving muscle relaxation than occlusal splint use alone.

Rosalia Rey, DDS
Eduardo Mondragon
Chiayi Shen, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e5-e9.  

This in vitro study investigated the interfacial flexural strength of amalgam repairs and the optimal combination of repair materials and mechanical retention required for a consistent and durable repair bond. Amalgam-amalgam repair with adequate condensation yielded the most consistent and durable bond.

Wayne W. Maibaum, MA, DMD, FAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e10-e11.  

An unusual lesion that posed a diagnostic challenge was found on the lingual surface of the right mandible of a 52-year-old man. The lesion was asymptomatic, and the patient was unaware of its presence. The lesion was ultimately diagnosed as an oral ulceration with sequestration, which the patient removed himself.

Michael J. Metz, DMD, MSD, MS, MBA
Brandon M. Stapleton, DMD
Bryan T. Harris, DMD, CDT
Wei-Shao Lin, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e12-e17.  

This report describes treatment of a patient with severe, chronic, poorly controlled GERD and resulting loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO). First, the demineralization process was controlled and measures were taken to restore adequate stimulated salivary flow, and then indirect laboratory-fabricated composite resin restorations were adhesively bonded to replace lost tooth structure and reestablish the patient’s collapsed VDO.

Lucia de Fatima Almeida de Deus Moura, DDS, PhD
Valeria Leopoldino de Area-Leao, DDS, PhD
Marcoeli Silva de Moura, DDS, PhD
Carmem Dolores Vilarinho Soares de Moura, DDS, PhD
Alessandro Ribeiro Goncalves, DDS, PhD
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima, DDS, MSc
Marina de Deus Moura de Lima, DDS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e18-e22.  

A longitudinal crown-root fracture with pulp exposure in a maxillary left central incisor was treated by autogenous bonding of the tooth fragment with self-curing composite resin, and a calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing was placed. The calcium hydroxide was replaced at 45-day intervals and the canal was definitively obturated after 1 year. The 16-year follow-up revealed satisfactory clinical conditions and no resorption or periapical changes.

Michelle B. Moraes, PhD
Maria G. Naclerio-Homem, PhD
Rodrigo D. Nascimento, PhD
Jose Benedito O. Amorim, PhD
Fernando V. Raldi, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e23-e27.  

This study compared the electromyographic activity of the superficial masseter and temporal muscles before, during, and after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. No patients showed alterations in muscle tone, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the muscles at any time at either mandibular rest or isometric contraction position. However, the degree of mouth opening increased 11.76% from presurgery to 30 days postsurgery.

Inaam Pedalino, DDS, MS
Grant R. Hartup, DDS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e28-e34.  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the depth of cure of bulk-fill flowable composite resins (SureFil SDR Flow, Grandio Flow,and Venus Bulk Fill) and a conventional flowable composite resin (Revolution Formula 2). The overall results for depth of cure showed that Venus Bulk Fill ≥ SureFil SDR ≥ Grandio Flow ≥ Revolution Formula 2.

Jaikrishnan S., BDS
Jojo Kottoor, MDS
Joy Mathew, MDS
Sanjana Ravi Kumar, MDS
Saira George, MDS
Krishna Hari, MDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e35-e37.  

This case report describes a patient with unusual tooth morphology involving the bilateral presence of 6 first and second molars with a single root and a single canal. The article also discusses the endodontic management of a single-rooted maxillary molar and the use of CBCT for evaluation and diagnosis of these anatomical variations.

Roger D. Winland, DDS, MS, MAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):8. 

Ron Jackson, DDS, FAACD, FAGD, FACD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):10-12

Samuel M. Strong, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):14-16. 

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):18-19

Larry Williams, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):20-22.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):78. 

2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):80.  

Martin Pendola, DDS, MS
Subrata Saha, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):24-28.  
The objective of this study was to test the mechanical properties of a dental ceramic used in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing after the specimens were processed with microwave hybrid sintering. When ceramic specimens were sintered with microwaves, the processing times were shorter, the protocols were simpler, and hardness and flexural strength values were greater than those for conventionally processed specimens.

Vaibhav Jain, BDS
Abhishek Dubey, BDS
Jitendra Kumar, BDS
Sonal Srivastava, BDS
Manaswita Tripathy, BDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):30-32.  

This atypical case report describes the accidental swallowing of a hypodermic needle by a patient during root canal treatment. The needle was safely removed by gastrointestinal endoscopy after 24 hours, but the incident emphasizes the need for rubber dam placement and proper vigilance during all endodontic and restorative procedures to prevent such events, which can be life-threatening or fatal.

Arthur F. Lamia, DDS, MS
N.J. McDonald, BDS, MS
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):33-37. 

This study used microcomputed tomography to evaluate the frequency of conjoined mesial canals in 206 first and second mandibular molars with a single distal canal. Examination revealed 129 teeth (62.6%) with conjoined mesial canals with a single portal of exit (71 second molars and 58 first molars). Conjoined mesial canals exhibited a mean interorifice distance of less than 3.00 mm.

Omid Fakheran Esfahani, DDS
Mohammad Fazel Pouraboutaleb, PharmD
Behnam Khorami, DDS, MSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):39-42.  

This study evaluated the effect of submucosal injection of hydralazine hydrochloride on the duration of oral soft tissue anesthesia after routine dental treatment. On completion of dental treatment, 50 patients who had received inferior alveolar nerve block (2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine) randomly received a hydralazine or sham injection. Median recovery times in the hydralazine and sham groups were 81.4 (SD, 3.6) and 221.8 (SD, 6.3) minutes, respectively, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001).

Maria Clara Maneira Gama, DDS
Denise Gusmao de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Paulo Mauricio Batista da Silva, DDS, MSc
Ronald Ordinola-Zapata, DDS, MSc, MD
Marco Hungaro Duarte, DDS, MSc, MD
Vinicius Carvalho Porto, DDS, MSc, MD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):43-47.  

The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on 24-hour Candida albicans biofilms. The 4% CHX solution showed antifungal activity against C albicans biofilms but failed to decrease the biovolume to the levels of 2% NaOCl, which eliminated viable cells more effectively and appeared to be more effective in disrupting the attached biofilms.

Catarina Ribeiro Barros de Alencar, DDS, MSc
Gabriela Cristina de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Fernanda Lyrio Mendonca, DDS, MSc
Marcelo Juliano Moretto, DDS, MSc, PhD
Franciny Querobim Ionta, DDS, MSc
Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado, DDS, MSc, PhD
Daniela Rios, DDS, MSc, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):48-51.  

If dietary and hygiene measures fail to arrest early childhood caries, resin infiltration may slow or arrest progression of white-spot lesions. In resin infiltration, the porous lesion body is penetrated by a low-viscosity resin, blocking the diffusion of cariogenic acids into the lesion. This case report describes the use of a resin infiltrant to treat white-spot lesions in a 24-month-old boy.

Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
Edina Veloso Goncalves Antunes, DDS, MS
Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana Mantovani Gomes Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Martao Florio, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):52-56.  

This in vitro study evaluated calcium and phosphorus concentrations in enamel surfaces before, during, and after treatment with in-office 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents containing 2% calcium gluconate (WCa) or no calcium gluconate. In both groups, there was a statistically significant decrease in calcium concentration 7 days after the last treatment, but there was a recovery to baseline values at 14 days. The phosphorus concentration in the WCa group decreased after the third application but increased to baseline values posttreatment.

Joyce Pinho Bezerra, DDS, MS, PhD
Luciana Machion Shaddox, DDS, MS, PhD
Adriana Cutrim de Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Marta Ferreira Bastos, BMSc, MS, PhD
Tamires Szeremeske de Miranda, DDS, MS
Vanessa Renata Santos, DDS, MS, PhD
Poliana Mendes Duarte, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):58-64.  

This split-mouth, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of surgical debridement (SD) and nonsurgical debridement (NSD), in association with amoxicillin and metronidazole, on residual pockets and adjacent healthy sites in patients with type 2 diabetes. SD and NSD resulted in similar clinical benefits at 12 months. In SD sites, a short-term increase in the levels of proinflammatory biomarkers probably can be attributed to tissue trauma and healing, and a long-term decrease in the levels of chemotactic factors may reflect remission of infection and stable wound healing.

Liliane Motta de Lima, DDS
Jessica Dantas Abreu, DDS
Flavia Cohen-Carneiro, PhD
Diego Ferreira Regalado, PhD
Danielson Guedes Pontes, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):66-69.  

A new methodology was used to evaluate the fluorescence of 3 microhybrid and 3 nanohybrid composite resins and compare it to that of natural tooth control specimens. The specimens were photographed inside a box with ultraviolet light and the red-green-blue color space of each image was quantified. The fluorescence of Amelogen specimens was statistically similar to that of the control group and significantly greater than those of the other groups.

Matthew R. Frykenberg
Abraham Schneider, DDS, PhD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):70-72.  

Metformin has long been the drug of choice for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that metformin might also have antineoplastic effects. This article reviews studies that examine the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer properties of metformin and discusses the possible use of this antidiabetic biguanide in the chemoprevention and treatment of head and neck cancer.

Adepitan A. Owosho, BChD
Joanne L. Prasad, DDS
Marion A. Hughes, MD
Elizabeth A. Bilodeau, DMD, MD, MSEd
Anitha Potluri, BDS, DMD, MDSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):74-77.  

Three patients each presented with an asymptomatic mixed radiopaque and radiolucent lesion of the maxillary sinus associated with a nonvital tooth. A radiographic diagnosis of a collapsed (ruptured) radicular cyst was rendered in each case. Results of histological analysis of 1 lesion supported the diagnosis. The radiographic and histopathological features, etiology, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis of this condition are discussed.

Marilene Trindade, PhD
Silvana Orestes-Cardoso, PhD
Teresa Cristina de Siqueira, NPTS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e1-e4.

The aim of the present study was to compare 2 groups of patients with bruxism (11 in each group) treated for 4 months with either an occlusal splint combined with cognitive behavioral therapy or an occlusal splint alone. The combination of occlusal splint and psychological therapy was more effective at achieving muscle relaxation than occlusal splint use alone.

Rosalia Rey, DDS
Eduardo Mondragon
Chiayi Shen, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e5-e9.  

This in vitro study investigated the interfacial flexural strength of amalgam repairs and the optimal combination of repair materials and mechanical retention required for a consistent and durable repair bond. Amalgam-amalgam repair with adequate condensation yielded the most consistent and durable bond.

Wayne W. Maibaum, MA, DMD, FAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e10-e11.  

An unusual lesion that posed a diagnostic challenge was found on the lingual surface of the right mandible of a 52-year-old man. The lesion was asymptomatic, and the patient was unaware of its presence. The lesion was ultimately diagnosed as an oral ulceration with sequestration, which the patient removed himself.

Michael J. Metz, DMD, MSD, MS, MBA
Brandon M. Stapleton, DMD
Bryan T. Harris, DMD, CDT
Wei-Shao Lin, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e12-e17.  

This report describes treatment of a patient with severe, chronic, poorly controlled GERD and resulting loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO). First, the demineralization process was controlled and measures were taken to restore adequate stimulated salivary flow, and then indirect laboratory-fabricated composite resin restorations were adhesively bonded to replace lost tooth structure and reestablish the patient’s collapsed VDO.

Lucia de Fatima Almeida de Deus Moura, DDS, PhD
Valeria Leopoldino de Area-Leao, DDS, PhD
Marcoeli Silva de Moura, DDS, PhD
Carmem Dolores Vilarinho Soares de Moura, DDS, PhD
Alessandro Ribeiro Goncalves, DDS, PhD
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima, DDS, MSc
Marina de Deus Moura de Lima, DDS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e18-e22.  

A longitudinal crown-root fracture with pulp exposure in a maxillary left central incisor was treated by autogenous bonding of the tooth fragment with self-curing composite resin, and a calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing was placed. The calcium hydroxide was replaced at 45-day intervals and the canal was definitively obturated after 1 year. The 16-year follow-up revealed satisfactory clinical conditions and no resorption or periapical changes.

Michelle B. Moraes, PhD
Maria G. Naclerio-Homem, PhD
Rodrigo D. Nascimento, PhD
Jose Benedito O. Amorim, PhD
Fernando V. Raldi, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e23-e27.  

This study compared the electromyographic activity of the superficial masseter and temporal muscles before, during, and after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. No patients showed alterations in muscle tone, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the muscles at any time at either mandibular rest or isometric contraction position. However, the degree of mouth opening increased 11.76% from presurgery to 30 days postsurgery.

Inaam Pedalino, DDS, MS
Grant R. Hartup, DDS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e28-e34.  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the depth of cure of bulk-fill flowable composite resins (SureFil SDR Flow, Grandio Flow,and Venus Bulk Fill) and a conventional flowable composite resin (Revolution Formula 2). The overall results for depth of cure showed that Venus Bulk Fill ≥ SureFil SDR ≥ Grandio Flow ≥ Revolution Formula 2.

Jaikrishnan S., BDS
Jojo Kottoor, MDS
Joy Mathew, MDS
Sanjana Ravi Kumar, MDS
Saira George, MDS
Krishna Hari, MDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e35-e37.  

This case report describes a patient with unusual tooth morphology involving the bilateral presence of 6 first and second molars with a single root and a single canal. The article also discusses the endodontic management of a single-rooted maxillary molar and the use of CBCT for evaluation and diagnosis of these anatomical variations.

Roger D. Winland, DDS, MS, MAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):8. 

Ron Jackson, DDS, FAACD, FAGD, FACD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):10-12

Samuel M. Strong, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):14-16. 

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):18-19

Larry Williams, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):20-22.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):78. 

2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):80.  

Martin Pendola, DDS, MS
Subrata Saha, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):24-28.  
The objective of this study was to test the mechanical properties of a dental ceramic used in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing after the specimens were processed with microwave hybrid sintering. When ceramic specimens were sintered with microwaves, the processing times were shorter, the protocols were simpler, and hardness and flexural strength values were greater than those for conventionally processed specimens.

Vaibhav Jain, BDS
Abhishek Dubey, BDS
Jitendra Kumar, BDS
Sonal Srivastava, BDS
Manaswita Tripathy, BDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):30-32.  

This atypical case report describes the accidental swallowing of a hypodermic needle by a patient during root canal treatment. The needle was safely removed by gastrointestinal endoscopy after 24 hours, but the incident emphasizes the need for rubber dam placement and proper vigilance during all endodontic and restorative procedures to prevent such events, which can be life-threatening or fatal.

Arthur F. Lamia, DDS, MS
N.J. McDonald, BDS, MS
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):33-37. 

This study used microcomputed tomography to evaluate the frequency of conjoined mesial canals in 206 first and second mandibular molars with a single distal canal. Examination revealed 129 teeth (62.6%) with conjoined mesial canals with a single portal of exit (71 second molars and 58 first molars). Conjoined mesial canals exhibited a mean interorifice distance of less than 3.00 mm.

Omid Fakheran Esfahani, DDS
Mohammad Fazel Pouraboutaleb, PharmD
Behnam Khorami, DDS, MSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):39-42.  

This study evaluated the effect of submucosal injection of hydralazine hydrochloride on the duration of oral soft tissue anesthesia after routine dental treatment. On completion of dental treatment, 50 patients who had received inferior alveolar nerve block (2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine) randomly received a hydralazine or sham injection. Median recovery times in the hydralazine and sham groups were 81.4 (SD, 3.6) and 221.8 (SD, 6.3) minutes, respectively, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001).

Maria Clara Maneira Gama, DDS
Denise Gusmao de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Paulo Mauricio Batista da Silva, DDS, MSc
Ronald Ordinola-Zapata, DDS, MSc, MD
Marco Hungaro Duarte, DDS, MSc, MD
Vinicius Carvalho Porto, DDS, MSc, MD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):43-47.  

The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on 24-hour Candida albicans biofilms. The 4% CHX solution showed antifungal activity against C albicans biofilms but failed to decrease the biovolume to the levels of 2% NaOCl, which eliminated viable cells more effectively and appeared to be more effective in disrupting the attached biofilms.

Catarina Ribeiro Barros de Alencar, DDS, MSc
Gabriela Cristina de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Fernanda Lyrio Mendonca, DDS, MSc
Marcelo Juliano Moretto, DDS, MSc, PhD
Franciny Querobim Ionta, DDS, MSc
Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado, DDS, MSc, PhD
Daniela Rios, DDS, MSc, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):48-51.  

If dietary and hygiene measures fail to arrest early childhood caries, resin infiltration may slow or arrest progression of white-spot lesions. In resin infiltration, the porous lesion body is penetrated by a low-viscosity resin, blocking the diffusion of cariogenic acids into the lesion. This case report describes the use of a resin infiltrant to treat white-spot lesions in a 24-month-old boy.

Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
Edina Veloso Goncalves Antunes, DDS, MS
Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana Mantovani Gomes Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Martao Florio, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):52-56.  

This in vitro study evaluated calcium and phosphorus concentrations in enamel surfaces before, during, and after treatment with in-office 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents containing 2% calcium gluconate (WCa) or no calcium gluconate. In both groups, there was a statistically significant decrease in calcium concentration 7 days after the last treatment, but there was a recovery to baseline values at 14 days. The phosphorus concentration in the WCa group decreased after the third application but increased to baseline values posttreatment.

Joyce Pinho Bezerra, DDS, MS, PhD
Luciana Machion Shaddox, DDS, MS, PhD
Adriana Cutrim de Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Marta Ferreira Bastos, BMSc, MS, PhD
Tamires Szeremeske de Miranda, DDS, MS
Vanessa Renata Santos, DDS, MS, PhD
Poliana Mendes Duarte, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):58-64.  

This split-mouth, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of surgical debridement (SD) and nonsurgical debridement (NSD), in association with amoxicillin and metronidazole, on residual pockets and adjacent healthy sites in patients with type 2 diabetes. SD and NSD resulted in similar clinical benefits at 12 months. In SD sites, a short-term increase in the levels of proinflammatory biomarkers probably can be attributed to tissue trauma and healing, and a long-term decrease in the levels of chemotactic factors may reflect remission of infection and stable wound healing.

Liliane Motta de Lima, DDS
Jessica Dantas Abreu, DDS
Flavia Cohen-Carneiro, PhD
Diego Ferreira Regalado, PhD
Danielson Guedes Pontes, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):66-69.  

A new methodology was used to evaluate the fluorescence of 3 microhybrid and 3 nanohybrid composite resins and compare it to that of natural tooth control specimens. The specimens were photographed inside a box with ultraviolet light and the red-green-blue color space of each image was quantified. The fluorescence of Amelogen specimens was statistically similar to that of the control group and significantly greater than those of the other groups.

Matthew R. Frykenberg
Abraham Schneider, DDS, PhD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):70-72.  

Metformin has long been the drug of choice for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that metformin might also have antineoplastic effects. This article reviews studies that examine the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer properties of metformin and discusses the possible use of this antidiabetic biguanide in the chemoprevention and treatment of head and neck cancer.

Adepitan A. Owosho, BChD
Joanne L. Prasad, DDS
Marion A. Hughes, MD
Elizabeth A. Bilodeau, DMD, MD, MSEd
Anitha Potluri, BDS, DMD, MDSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):74-77.  

Three patients each presented with an asymptomatic mixed radiopaque and radiolucent lesion of the maxillary sinus associated with a nonvital tooth. A radiographic diagnosis of a collapsed (ruptured) radicular cyst was rendered in each case. Results of histological analysis of 1 lesion supported the diagnosis. The radiographic and histopathological features, etiology, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis of this condition are discussed.

Marilene Trindade, PhD
Silvana Orestes-Cardoso, PhD
Teresa Cristina de Siqueira, NPTS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e1-e4.

The aim of the present study was to compare 2 groups of patients with bruxism (11 in each group) treated for 4 months with either an occlusal splint combined with cognitive behavioral therapy or an occlusal splint alone. The combination of occlusal splint and psychological therapy was more effective at achieving muscle relaxation than occlusal splint use alone.

Rosalia Rey, DDS
Eduardo Mondragon
Chiayi Shen, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e5-e9.  

This in vitro study investigated the interfacial flexural strength of amalgam repairs and the optimal combination of repair materials and mechanical retention required for a consistent and durable repair bond. Amalgam-amalgam repair with adequate condensation yielded the most consistent and durable bond.

Wayne W. Maibaum, MA, DMD, FAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e10-e11.  

An unusual lesion that posed a diagnostic challenge was found on the lingual surface of the right mandible of a 52-year-old man. The lesion was asymptomatic, and the patient was unaware of its presence. The lesion was ultimately diagnosed as an oral ulceration with sequestration, which the patient removed himself.

Michael J. Metz, DMD, MSD, MS, MBA
Brandon M. Stapleton, DMD
Bryan T. Harris, DMD, CDT
Wei-Shao Lin, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e12-e17.  

This report describes treatment of a patient with severe, chronic, poorly controlled GERD and resulting loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO). First, the demineralization process was controlled and measures were taken to restore adequate stimulated salivary flow, and then indirect laboratory-fabricated composite resin restorations were adhesively bonded to replace lost tooth structure and reestablish the patient’s collapsed VDO.

Lucia de Fatima Almeida de Deus Moura, DDS, PhD
Valeria Leopoldino de Area-Leao, DDS, PhD
Marcoeli Silva de Moura, DDS, PhD
Carmem Dolores Vilarinho Soares de Moura, DDS, PhD
Alessandro Ribeiro Goncalves, DDS, PhD
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima, DDS, MSc
Marina de Deus Moura de Lima, DDS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e18-e22.  

A longitudinal crown-root fracture with pulp exposure in a maxillary left central incisor was treated by autogenous bonding of the tooth fragment with self-curing composite resin, and a calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing was placed. The calcium hydroxide was replaced at 45-day intervals and the canal was definitively obturated after 1 year. The 16-year follow-up revealed satisfactory clinical conditions and no resorption or periapical changes.

Michelle B. Moraes, PhD
Maria G. Naclerio-Homem, PhD
Rodrigo D. Nascimento, PhD
Jose Benedito O. Amorim, PhD
Fernando V. Raldi, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e23-e27.  

This study compared the electromyographic activity of the superficial masseter and temporal muscles before, during, and after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. No patients showed alterations in muscle tone, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the muscles at any time at either mandibular rest or isometric contraction position. However, the degree of mouth opening increased 11.76% from presurgery to 30 days postsurgery.

Inaam Pedalino, DDS, MS
Grant R. Hartup, DDS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e28-e34.  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the depth of cure of bulk-fill flowable composite resins (SureFil SDR Flow, Grandio Flow,and Venus Bulk Fill) and a conventional flowable composite resin (Revolution Formula 2). The overall results for depth of cure showed that Venus Bulk Fill ≥ SureFil SDR ≥ Grandio Flow ≥ Revolution Formula 2.

Jaikrishnan S., BDS
Jojo Kottoor, MDS
Joy Mathew, MDS
Sanjana Ravi Kumar, MDS
Saira George, MDS
Krishna Hari, MDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e35-e37.  

This case report describes a patient with unusual tooth morphology involving the bilateral presence of 6 first and second molars with a single root and a single canal. The article also discusses the endodontic management of a single-rooted maxillary molar and the use of CBCT for evaluation and diagnosis of these anatomical variations.

Roger D. Winland, DDS, MS, MAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):8. 

Ron Jackson, DDS, FAACD, FAGD, FACD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):10-12

Samuel M. Strong, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):14-16. 

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):18-19

Larry Williams, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):20-22.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):78. 

2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):80.  

Martin Pendola, DDS, MS
Subrata Saha, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):24-28.  
The objective of this study was to test the mechanical properties of a dental ceramic used in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing after the specimens were processed with microwave hybrid sintering. When ceramic specimens were sintered with microwaves, the processing times were shorter, the protocols were simpler, and hardness and flexural strength values were greater than those for conventionally processed specimens.

Vaibhav Jain, BDS
Abhishek Dubey, BDS
Jitendra Kumar, BDS
Sonal Srivastava, BDS
Manaswita Tripathy, BDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):30-32.  

This atypical case report describes the accidental swallowing of a hypodermic needle by a patient during root canal treatment. The needle was safely removed by gastrointestinal endoscopy after 24 hours, but the incident emphasizes the need for rubber dam placement and proper vigilance during all endodontic and restorative procedures to prevent such events, which can be life-threatening or fatal.

Arthur F. Lamia, DDS, MS
N.J. McDonald, BDS, MS
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):33-37. 

This study used microcomputed tomography to evaluate the frequency of conjoined mesial canals in 206 first and second mandibular molars with a single distal canal. Examination revealed 129 teeth (62.6%) with conjoined mesial canals with a single portal of exit (71 second molars and 58 first molars). Conjoined mesial canals exhibited a mean interorifice distance of less than 3.00 mm.

Omid Fakheran Esfahani, DDS
Mohammad Fazel Pouraboutaleb, PharmD
Behnam Khorami, DDS, MSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):39-42.  

This study evaluated the effect of submucosal injection of hydralazine hydrochloride on the duration of oral soft tissue anesthesia after routine dental treatment. On completion of dental treatment, 50 patients who had received inferior alveolar nerve block (2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine) randomly received a hydralazine or sham injection. Median recovery times in the hydralazine and sham groups were 81.4 (SD, 3.6) and 221.8 (SD, 6.3) minutes, respectively, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001).

Maria Clara Maneira Gama, DDS
Denise Gusmao de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Paulo Mauricio Batista da Silva, DDS, MSc
Ronald Ordinola-Zapata, DDS, MSc, MD
Marco Hungaro Duarte, DDS, MSc, MD
Vinicius Carvalho Porto, DDS, MSc, MD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):43-47.  

The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on 24-hour Candida albicans biofilms. The 4% CHX solution showed antifungal activity against C albicans biofilms but failed to decrease the biovolume to the levels of 2% NaOCl, which eliminated viable cells more effectively and appeared to be more effective in disrupting the attached biofilms.

Catarina Ribeiro Barros de Alencar, DDS, MSc
Gabriela Cristina de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Fernanda Lyrio Mendonca, DDS, MSc
Marcelo Juliano Moretto, DDS, MSc, PhD
Franciny Querobim Ionta, DDS, MSc
Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado, DDS, MSc, PhD
Daniela Rios, DDS, MSc, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):48-51.  

If dietary and hygiene measures fail to arrest early childhood caries, resin infiltration may slow or arrest progression of white-spot lesions. In resin infiltration, the porous lesion body is penetrated by a low-viscosity resin, blocking the diffusion of cariogenic acids into the lesion. This case report describes the use of a resin infiltrant to treat white-spot lesions in a 24-month-old boy.

Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
Edina Veloso Goncalves Antunes, DDS, MS
Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana Mantovani Gomes Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Martao Florio, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):52-56.  

This in vitro study evaluated calcium and phosphorus concentrations in enamel surfaces before, during, and after treatment with in-office 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents containing 2% calcium gluconate (WCa) or no calcium gluconate. In both groups, there was a statistically significant decrease in calcium concentration 7 days after the last treatment, but there was a recovery to baseline values at 14 days. The phosphorus concentration in the WCa group decreased after the third application but increased to baseline values posttreatment.

Joyce Pinho Bezerra, DDS, MS, PhD
Luciana Machion Shaddox, DDS, MS, PhD
Adriana Cutrim de Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Marta Ferreira Bastos, BMSc, MS, PhD
Tamires Szeremeske de Miranda, DDS, MS
Vanessa Renata Santos, DDS, MS, PhD
Poliana Mendes Duarte, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):58-64.  

This split-mouth, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of surgical debridement (SD) and nonsurgical debridement (NSD), in association with amoxicillin and metronidazole, on residual pockets and adjacent healthy sites in patients with type 2 diabetes. SD and NSD resulted in similar clinical benefits at 12 months. In SD sites, a short-term increase in the levels of proinflammatory biomarkers probably can be attributed to tissue trauma and healing, and a long-term decrease in the levels of chemotactic factors may reflect remission of infection and stable wound healing.

Liliane Motta de Lima, DDS
Jessica Dantas Abreu, DDS
Flavia Cohen-Carneiro, PhD
Diego Ferreira Regalado, PhD
Danielson Guedes Pontes, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):66-69.  

A new methodology was used to evaluate the fluorescence of 3 microhybrid and 3 nanohybrid composite resins and compare it to that of natural tooth control specimens. The specimens were photographed inside a box with ultraviolet light and the red-green-blue color space of each image was quantified. The fluorescence of Amelogen specimens was statistically similar to that of the control group and significantly greater than those of the other groups.

Matthew R. Frykenberg
Abraham Schneider, DDS, PhD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):70-72.  

Metformin has long been the drug of choice for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that metformin might also have antineoplastic effects. This article reviews studies that examine the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer properties of metformin and discusses the possible use of this antidiabetic biguanide in the chemoprevention and treatment of head and neck cancer.

Adepitan A. Owosho, BChD
Joanne L. Prasad, DDS
Marion A. Hughes, MD
Elizabeth A. Bilodeau, DMD, MD, MSEd
Anitha Potluri, BDS, DMD, MDSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):74-77.  

Three patients each presented with an asymptomatic mixed radiopaque and radiolucent lesion of the maxillary sinus associated with a nonvital tooth. A radiographic diagnosis of a collapsed (ruptured) radicular cyst was rendered in each case. Results of histological analysis of 1 lesion supported the diagnosis. The radiographic and histopathological features, etiology, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis of this condition are discussed.

Marilene Trindade, PhD
Silvana Orestes-Cardoso, PhD
Teresa Cristina de Siqueira, NPTS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e1-e4.

The aim of the present study was to compare 2 groups of patients with bruxism (11 in each group) treated for 4 months with either an occlusal splint combined with cognitive behavioral therapy or an occlusal splint alone. The combination of occlusal splint and psychological therapy was more effective at achieving muscle relaxation than occlusal splint use alone.

Rosalia Rey, DDS
Eduardo Mondragon
Chiayi Shen, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e5-e9.  

This in vitro study investigated the interfacial flexural strength of amalgam repairs and the optimal combination of repair materials and mechanical retention required for a consistent and durable repair bond. Amalgam-amalgam repair with adequate condensation yielded the most consistent and durable bond.

Wayne W. Maibaum, MA, DMD, FAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e10-e11.  

An unusual lesion that posed a diagnostic challenge was found on the lingual surface of the right mandible of a 52-year-old man. The lesion was asymptomatic, and the patient was unaware of its presence. The lesion was ultimately diagnosed as an oral ulceration with sequestration, which the patient removed himself.

Michael J. Metz, DMD, MSD, MS, MBA
Brandon M. Stapleton, DMD
Bryan T. Harris, DMD, CDT
Wei-Shao Lin, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e12-e17.  

This report describes treatment of a patient with severe, chronic, poorly controlled GERD and resulting loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO). First, the demineralization process was controlled and measures were taken to restore adequate stimulated salivary flow, and then indirect laboratory-fabricated composite resin restorations were adhesively bonded to replace lost tooth structure and reestablish the patient’s collapsed VDO.

Lucia de Fatima Almeida de Deus Moura, DDS, PhD
Valeria Leopoldino de Area-Leao, DDS, PhD
Marcoeli Silva de Moura, DDS, PhD
Carmem Dolores Vilarinho Soares de Moura, DDS, PhD
Alessandro Ribeiro Goncalves, DDS, PhD
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima, DDS, MSc
Marina de Deus Moura de Lima, DDS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e18-e22.  

A longitudinal crown-root fracture with pulp exposure in a maxillary left central incisor was treated by autogenous bonding of the tooth fragment with self-curing composite resin, and a calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing was placed. The calcium hydroxide was replaced at 45-day intervals and the canal was definitively obturated after 1 year. The 16-year follow-up revealed satisfactory clinical conditions and no resorption or periapical changes.

Michelle B. Moraes, PhD
Maria G. Naclerio-Homem, PhD
Rodrigo D. Nascimento, PhD
Jose Benedito O. Amorim, PhD
Fernando V. Raldi, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e23-e27.  

This study compared the electromyographic activity of the superficial masseter and temporal muscles before, during, and after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. No patients showed alterations in muscle tone, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the muscles at any time at either mandibular rest or isometric contraction position. However, the degree of mouth opening increased 11.76% from presurgery to 30 days postsurgery.

Inaam Pedalino, DDS, MS
Grant R. Hartup, DDS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e28-e34.  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the depth of cure of bulk-fill flowable composite resins (SureFil SDR Flow, Grandio Flow,and Venus Bulk Fill) and a conventional flowable composite resin (Revolution Formula 2). The overall results for depth of cure showed that Venus Bulk Fill ≥ SureFil SDR ≥ Grandio Flow ≥ Revolution Formula 2.

Jaikrishnan S., BDS
Jojo Kottoor, MDS
Joy Mathew, MDS
Sanjana Ravi Kumar, MDS
Saira George, MDS
Krishna Hari, MDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e35-e37.  

This case report describes a patient with unusual tooth morphology involving the bilateral presence of 6 first and second molars with a single root and a single canal. The article also discusses the endodontic management of a single-rooted maxillary molar and the use of CBCT for evaluation and diagnosis of these anatomical variations.

Roger D. Winland, DDS, MS, MAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):8. 

Ron Jackson, DDS, FAACD, FAGD, FACD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):10-12

Samuel M. Strong, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):14-16. 

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):18-19

Larry Williams, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):20-22.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):78. 

2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):80.  

Martin Pendola, DDS, MS
Subrata Saha, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):24-28.  
The objective of this study was to test the mechanical properties of a dental ceramic used in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing after the specimens were processed with microwave hybrid sintering. When ceramic specimens were sintered with microwaves, the processing times were shorter, the protocols were simpler, and hardness and flexural strength values were greater than those for conventionally processed specimens.

Vaibhav Jain, BDS
Abhishek Dubey, BDS
Jitendra Kumar, BDS
Sonal Srivastava, BDS
Manaswita Tripathy, BDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):30-32.  

This atypical case report describes the accidental swallowing of a hypodermic needle by a patient during root canal treatment. The needle was safely removed by gastrointestinal endoscopy after 24 hours, but the incident emphasizes the need for rubber dam placement and proper vigilance during all endodontic and restorative procedures to prevent such events, which can be life-threatening or fatal.

Arthur F. Lamia, DDS, MS
N.J. McDonald, BDS, MS
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):33-37. 

This study used microcomputed tomography to evaluate the frequency of conjoined mesial canals in 206 first and second mandibular molars with a single distal canal. Examination revealed 129 teeth (62.6%) with conjoined mesial canals with a single portal of exit (71 second molars and 58 first molars). Conjoined mesial canals exhibited a mean interorifice distance of less than 3.00 mm.

Omid Fakheran Esfahani, DDS
Mohammad Fazel Pouraboutaleb, PharmD
Behnam Khorami, DDS, MSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):39-42.  

This study evaluated the effect of submucosal injection of hydralazine hydrochloride on the duration of oral soft tissue anesthesia after routine dental treatment. On completion of dental treatment, 50 patients who had received inferior alveolar nerve block (2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine) randomly received a hydralazine or sham injection. Median recovery times in the hydralazine and sham groups were 81.4 (SD, 3.6) and 221.8 (SD, 6.3) minutes, respectively, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001).

Maria Clara Maneira Gama, DDS
Denise Gusmao de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Paulo Mauricio Batista da Silva, DDS, MSc
Ronald Ordinola-Zapata, DDS, MSc, MD
Marco Hungaro Duarte, DDS, MSc, MD
Vinicius Carvalho Porto, DDS, MSc, MD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):43-47.  

The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on 24-hour Candida albicans biofilms. The 4% CHX solution showed antifungal activity against C albicans biofilms but failed to decrease the biovolume to the levels of 2% NaOCl, which eliminated viable cells more effectively and appeared to be more effective in disrupting the attached biofilms.

Catarina Ribeiro Barros de Alencar, DDS, MSc
Gabriela Cristina de Oliveira, DDS, MSc
Fernanda Lyrio Mendonca, DDS, MSc
Marcelo Juliano Moretto, DDS, MSc, PhD
Franciny Querobim Ionta, DDS, MSc
Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado, DDS, MSc, PhD
Daniela Rios, DDS, MSc, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):48-51.  

If dietary and hygiene measures fail to arrest early childhood caries, resin infiltration may slow or arrest progression of white-spot lesions. In resin infiltration, the porous lesion body is penetrated by a low-viscosity resin, blocking the diffusion of cariogenic acids into the lesion. This case report describes the use of a resin infiltrant to treat white-spot lesions in a 24-month-old boy.

Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
Edina Veloso Goncalves Antunes, DDS, MS
Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana Mantovani Gomes Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Flavia Martao Florio, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):52-56.  

This in vitro study evaluated calcium and phosphorus concentrations in enamel surfaces before, during, and after treatment with in-office 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents containing 2% calcium gluconate (WCa) or no calcium gluconate. In both groups, there was a statistically significant decrease in calcium concentration 7 days after the last treatment, but there was a recovery to baseline values at 14 days. The phosphorus concentration in the WCa group decreased after the third application but increased to baseline values posttreatment.

Joyce Pinho Bezerra, DDS, MS, PhD
Luciana Machion Shaddox, DDS, MS, PhD
Adriana Cutrim de Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Marta Ferreira Bastos, BMSc, MS, PhD
Tamires Szeremeske de Miranda, DDS, MS
Vanessa Renata Santos, DDS, MS, PhD
Poliana Mendes Duarte, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):58-64.  

This split-mouth, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of surgical debridement (SD) and nonsurgical debridement (NSD), in association with amoxicillin and metronidazole, on residual pockets and adjacent healthy sites in patients with type 2 diabetes. SD and NSD resulted in similar clinical benefits at 12 months. In SD sites, a short-term increase in the levels of proinflammatory biomarkers probably can be attributed to tissue trauma and healing, and a long-term decrease in the levels of chemotactic factors may reflect remission of infection and stable wound healing.

Liliane Motta de Lima, DDS
Jessica Dantas Abreu, DDS
Flavia Cohen-Carneiro, PhD
Diego Ferreira Regalado, PhD
Danielson Guedes Pontes, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):66-69.  

A new methodology was used to evaluate the fluorescence of 3 microhybrid and 3 nanohybrid composite resins and compare it to that of natural tooth control specimens. The specimens were photographed inside a box with ultraviolet light and the red-green-blue color space of each image was quantified. The fluorescence of Amelogen specimens was statistically similar to that of the control group and significantly greater than those of the other groups.

Matthew R. Frykenberg
Abraham Schneider, DDS, PhD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 Jul/Aug; 63(4):70-72.  

Metformin has long been the drug of choice for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that metformin might also have antineoplastic effects. This article reviews studies that examine the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer properties of metformin and discusses the possible use of this antidiabetic biguanide in the chemoprevention and treatment of head and neck cancer.

Adepitan A. Owosho, BChD
Joanne L. Prasad, DDS
Marion A. Hughes, MD
Elizabeth A. Bilodeau, DMD, MD, MSEd
Anitha Potluri, BDS, DMD, MDSc
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):74-77.  

Three patients each presented with an asymptomatic mixed radiopaque and radiolucent lesion of the maxillary sinus associated with a nonvital tooth. A radiographic diagnosis of a collapsed (ruptured) radicular cyst was rendered in each case. Results of histological analysis of 1 lesion supported the diagnosis. The radiographic and histopathological features, etiology, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis of this condition are discussed.

Marilene Trindade, PhD
Silvana Orestes-Cardoso, PhD
Teresa Cristina de Siqueira, NPTS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e1-e4.

The aim of the present study was to compare 2 groups of patients with bruxism (11 in each group) treated for 4 months with either an occlusal splint combined with cognitive behavioral therapy or an occlusal splint alone. The combination of occlusal splint and psychological therapy was more effective at achieving muscle relaxation than occlusal splint use alone.

Rosalia Rey, DDS
Eduardo Mondragon
Chiayi Shen, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e5-e9.  

This in vitro study investigated the interfacial flexural strength of amalgam repairs and the optimal combination of repair materials and mechanical retention required for a consistent and durable repair bond. Amalgam-amalgam repair with adequate condensation yielded the most consistent and durable bond.

Wayne W. Maibaum, MA, DMD, FAGD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e10-e11.  

An unusual lesion that posed a diagnostic challenge was found on the lingual surface of the right mandible of a 52-year-old man. The lesion was asymptomatic, and the patient was unaware of its presence. The lesion was ultimately diagnosed as an oral ulceration with sequestration, which the patient removed himself.

Michael J. Metz, DMD, MSD, MS, MBA
Brandon M. Stapleton, DMD
Bryan T. Harris, DMD, CDT
Wei-Shao Lin, DDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e12-e17.  

This report describes treatment of a patient with severe, chronic, poorly controlled GERD and resulting loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO). First, the demineralization process was controlled and measures were taken to restore adequate stimulated salivary flow, and then indirect laboratory-fabricated composite resin restorations were adhesively bonded to replace lost tooth structure and reestablish the patient’s collapsed VDO.

Lucia de Fatima Almeida de Deus Moura, DDS, PhD
Valeria Leopoldino de Area-Leao, DDS, PhD
Marcoeli Silva de Moura, DDS, PhD
Carmem Dolores Vilarinho Soares de Moura, DDS, PhD
Alessandro Ribeiro Goncalves, DDS, PhD
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima, DDS, MSc
Marina de Deus Moura de Lima, DDS, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e18-e22.  

A longitudinal crown-root fracture with pulp exposure in a maxillary left central incisor was treated by autogenous bonding of the tooth fragment with self-curing composite resin, and a calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing was placed. The calcium hydroxide was replaced at 45-day intervals and the canal was definitively obturated after 1 year. The 16-year follow-up revealed satisfactory clinical conditions and no resorption or periapical changes.

Michelle B. Moraes, PhD
Maria G. Naclerio-Homem, PhD
Rodrigo D. Nascimento, PhD
Jose Benedito O. Amorim, PhD
Fernando V. Raldi, PhD
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e23-e27.  

This study compared the electromyographic activity of the superficial masseter and temporal muscles before, during, and after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. No patients showed alterations in muscle tone, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the muscles at any time at either mandibular rest or isometric contraction position. However, the degree of mouth opening increased 11.76% from presurgery to 30 days postsurgery.

Inaam Pedalino, DDS, MS
Grant R. Hartup, DDS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e28-e34.  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the depth of cure of bulk-fill flowable composite resins (SureFil SDR Flow, Grandio Flow,and Venus Bulk Fill) and a conventional flowable composite resin (Revolution Formula 2). The overall results for depth of cure showed that Venus Bulk Fill ≥ SureFil SDR ≥ Grandio Flow ≥ Revolution Formula 2.

Jaikrishnan S., BDS
Jojo Kottoor, MDS
Joy Mathew, MDS
Sanjana Ravi Kumar, MDS
Saira George, MDS
Krishna Hari, MDS
2015 Sep/Oct; 63(5):e35-e37.  

This case report describes a patient with unusual tooth morphology involving the bilateral presence of 6 first and second molars with a single root and a single canal. The article also discusses the endodontic management of a single-rooted maxillary molar and the use of CBCT for evaluation and diagnosis of these anatomical variations.