Eric K. Curtis, DDS, MA, MAGD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):8.

David A. Keller, DDS, MBA, MAGD, ABGD, FACD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):10.

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):12. 

Roger A. Solow, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):14.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):78.

2015 May/Jun; 63(3):79. 

James T. Murph Jr., DMD
Susan H. Jaques, DMD
Alexander N. Knoell, DMD
Geoffrey D. Archibald, DDS
Stan Yang, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):17.  

This study assessed the effectiveness of using an oxidized cellulose dental dressing to reduce the rate of alveolar osteitis after posterior tooth extraction in smokers. Overall, 1.7% of male patients and 2.2% of female patients developed dry sockets. The results indicate that the tested dressing is a safe and effective method for mitigating dry socket formation among smokers.

Zachary Aaron Starr
Judith A. Porter, DDS, EdD, FICD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):22.  

Artificial sweeteners are everywhere. The idea that people can consume a sweet food or beverage with “zero” calories seems too good to be true, and perhaps it is. This article discusses their mechanisms and their relationships to health and disease, including possible links to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.

Cecilia P. Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Carolina S. Silva, DDS
Enrico C. Bridi, DDS
Flavia L.B. Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana M.G. Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Roberta T. Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):26.

The aim of this clinical trial was to compare salivary pH kinetics of patients with and without orthodontic appliances following the intake of an acidic beverage. Salivary pH recovery following acidic beverage intake was slower in the orthodontic subjects than in control subjects. Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, therefore, seem to be at higher risk of dental erosion.

Danielson Guedes Pontes, DDS, MS
Cintia Tereza Pimenta Araujo, DDS, MS
Lucia Trazzi Prieto, DDS, MS
Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de Oliveira, DDS, MS
Erick Kamiya Coppini, DDS, MS
Carlos Tadeu Santos Dias, DDS, MS, PhD
Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):31.  

This in vitro study evaluated the nanoleakage of fiber posts luted using different adhesive strategies and investigated the effect of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on nanoleakage at the resin-dentin interfaces of self-adhesive cements. The self-adhesive and etch-and-rinse adhesive groups tested demonstrated similar results with regard to nanoleakage. Pretreatment with CHX promoted an adequate seal at the resin-dentin interface for self-adhesive cements.

Flavio Domingues das Neves, DDS, MS, PhD
Celio Jesus do Prado, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcel Santana Prudente, DDS, MS
Thiago Almeida Prado Naves Carneiro, DDS, MS
Karla Zancope, DDS, MS
Leticia Resende Davi, DDS, MS, PhD
Gustavo Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Lyndon Cooper, DDS, MS, PhD
Carlos Jose Soares, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):39.  

Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the marginal fit of crowns fabricated using a chairside CAD/CAM system and different methods of virtual model acquisition: digital impressioning of a typodont; digital impressioning of a powdered typodont; digital impressioning of a regular impression; and digital impressioning of a master cast. Crowns exhibited significantly smaller vertical misfit when a thin layer of powder was applied over the typodont before digital impressioning.

Amin Salem Milani, DDS, MSc
Alireza Banifatemeh, DDS
Saeed Rahimi, DDS, MSc
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):43.  

This study sought to evaluate how propylene glycol (PG) affects the microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MTA was mixed with different proportions of distilled water (DW) and PG, and microhardness was evaluated on Day 4 and Day 28. PG reduced the microhardness of MTA. The combination of 80% DW/20% PG best improved the handling of MTA without a significant reduction in setting quality.

Daphne Camara Barcellos, DDS, MS, PhD
Graziela Ribeiro Batista, DDS, MS, PhD
Melissa Aline da Silva, DDS, MS
Patricia Rondon Pleffken, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):47.  

This clinical study evaluated the use of 0.11% topical sodium fluoride (SF) desensitizing agent to treat tooth sensitivity during a nightguard tooth whitening procedure using 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel. The use of SF did not affect the whitening efficacy of the 10% CP gel. Subjects receiving the PG reported significantly greater tooth sensitivity than subjects receiving SF.

Emily T. Ibarra, DMD, MS
Wen Lien, DDS, MS
Jeffery Casey, DDS
Sara A. Dixon, DDS, MS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):51.  

This study compared the physical properties of a new nanohybrid composite activated by sonic energy to the properties of other composite restorative materials marketed for posterior or bulk-fill placement. The new nanohybrid composite showed low shrinkage and percent porosity, moderate fracture toughness and flexural modulus, and high flexural strength. However, it also demonstrated a relatively reduced depth of cure compared to the other composites.

Juliana Broch, MSD
Ana Maria Estivalete Marchionatti, DDS, MSD
Cesar Dalmolin Bergoli, MSD, PhD
Luiz Felipe Valandro, MSD, PhD
Osvaldo Bazzan Kaizer, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):58.  

This study evaluated the effect of mechanical cycling on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated weakened roots restored with different intraradicular retainers: cast post-and-cores, fiber posts, fiber posts with larger coronal diameter, or anatomic posts. The results showed that the type of retainer used was statistically significant.

Paulo Sergio da Silva Santos, DDS, MsC, PhD
Karin Sa Fernandes, DDS, MsC, PhD
Alexandre Fraige, DDS, PhD
Marina Gallottini, DDS, MsC, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):64.

Wilson’s disease (WD) is characterized by the accumulation of copper in the body, which may manifest clinically as liver disease, neurologic symptoms, and Kayser-Fleischer corneal rings. This report describes dental management of a 43-year-old man with WD who exhibited petechiae in the oral mucosa, poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, missing teeth, and several carious teeth.

Raju Chauhan, BDS, MDS
Shweta Singh, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):67.  

General dentists must be aware of variations in root canal anatomy. A third root is called radix entomolaris (RE) if it is distolingual to the main distal root and radix paramolaris (RP) if it is mesiobuccal to the mesial root. Single roots with single canals can also occur. This article describes a case of RE, 2 cases of RP, and a second molar with a single root and root canal.

Sarah M. Theodoroff, PhD
Robert L. Folmer, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):71. 

The purpose of this study was to compare audiometric pure tone thresholds of dental clinicians who regularly use handpieces (DCs), other dental professionals (DPs) who do not use these handpieces, and dental students (DSs). DCs had worse hearing than DPs and DSs. Implementation of protective strategies is recommended to reduce the prevalence of occupational hearing loss among DCs.

Nadia de Souza Ferreira, PhD
Raffaela Di Iorio Jeronymo Ferreira, PhD
Patricia Campos Ferreira da Rosa, MS
Ana Paula Martins Gomes, PhD
Carlos Henrique Ribeiro Camargo, PhD
Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e1.  

The push-out method was used to evaluate the bond strengths of 3 types of endodontic cement according to their composite base: methacrylate, epoxy resin, and an experimental copaiba oil resin. There was no statistically significant difference in bond strengths among the cements used or between bonding at the middle and apical thirds of the roots. It was concluded that the tested cements had satisfactory and similar bond strengths to dentin.

Shayan Salim, BS
Andrew Newman, BS
James J. Closmann, DDS
Thomas J. Borris, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e4.  

This article presents 4 cases of molar extraction with unusual complications: fracture during the removal of a maxillary first molar; fracture after a mandibular third molar extraction; displacement of a maxillary third molar into the infratemporal space; and necrosis of the maxillary soft tissue after fracture of the tuberosity during a third molar extraction. The report also describes how each clinician altered treatment for successful outcomes.

Lata Goyal, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e11.  

Transmigration, preeruptive migration of a tooth across the midline, is extremely rare and almost exclusively affects mandibular canines. Although it can lead to restorative, surgical, and orthodontic problems, this condition usually does not cause any painful symptoms and cannot be detected on clinical examination. This article describes 3 cases of transmigration, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis for interceptive treatment.

Neeti Mittal, BDS, MDS
Binita Srivastava, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e16.  

This study assessed the clinical success of 28 indirect composite onlays in grossly decayed primary molars. The onlays showed a 100% retention rate and a marginal integrity of 96.43% at 12 months. Color stability, surface texture, and anatomic form were highly rated, and significant improvements in gingival health were reported.

Marco Tullio Brazao-Silva, DDS, PhD
Fabio Cesar Prosdocimi, DDS, PhD
Celso Augusto Lemos-Junior, DDS, PhD
Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de Sousa, DDS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e22.  

Sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands (SMSG) is rarely reported and presumably underestimated. In this retrospective study, 92% of 25 SMSG cases were not diagnosed clinically. Chronic periductal and parenchymal inflammation was frequent, as was squamous metaplasia of the affected duct. Incidence was greater in the upper lip and buccal mucosa.

Preetha A., MDS
Sujatha D., MDS
Bharathi A. Patil, MDS
Sushmini Hegde, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e27.  

In this study, 100 patients who were previously diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were evaluated to determine the severity of their disease as well as any oral, dental, or salivary pH changes. Severe, long-term GERD was found to be potentially detrimental to oral soft tissues, dental structures, and salivary pH, whereas milder forms of the disease did not necessarily cause dental side effects.

C. Brent Haeberle, DMD
Amara Abreu, DDS, MSD
Kurt Metzler, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e32.  

This article describes use of a bite registration fast-set vinyl polysiloxane material to identify length overextension and/or excessive border thickness of denture flanges and discusses the advantages of vinyl polysiloxane over conventional materials.

Marcos O. Barceleiro, DDS, MSD, PhD
Giulia Marins Soares, DDS
Olivia Espindola, DDS
Sergio Kahn, DDS, MSD, PhD
Isis Andrea Venturini Pola Poiate, DDS, MSD, PhD
Helio Rodrigues Sampaio Filho, DDS, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e36.  

This in vitro study compared the microleakage of a flowable low-shrinkage-stress resin composite and a conventionally layered silorane-based resin composite as 4 mm dentin replacements in a Class II fatigue-loading design. The silorane-based composite groups had higher rates of microleakage than the low-shrinkage-stress resin composite groups.

Eric K. Curtis, DDS, MA, MAGD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):8.

David A. Keller, DDS, MBA, MAGD, ABGD, FACD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):10.

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):12. 

Roger A. Solow, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):14.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):78.

2015 May/Jun; 63(3):79. 

James T. Murph Jr., DMD
Susan H. Jaques, DMD
Alexander N. Knoell, DMD
Geoffrey D. Archibald, DDS
Stan Yang, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):17.  

This study assessed the effectiveness of using an oxidized cellulose dental dressing to reduce the rate of alveolar osteitis after posterior tooth extraction in smokers. Overall, 1.7% of male patients and 2.2% of female patients developed dry sockets. The results indicate that the tested dressing is a safe and effective method for mitigating dry socket formation among smokers.

Zachary Aaron Starr
Judith A. Porter, DDS, EdD, FICD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):22.  

Artificial sweeteners are everywhere. The idea that people can consume a sweet food or beverage with “zero” calories seems too good to be true, and perhaps it is. This article discusses their mechanisms and their relationships to health and disease, including possible links to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.

Cecilia P. Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Carolina S. Silva, DDS
Enrico C. Bridi, DDS
Flavia L.B. Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana M.G. Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Roberta T. Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):26.

The aim of this clinical trial was to compare salivary pH kinetics of patients with and without orthodontic appliances following the intake of an acidic beverage. Salivary pH recovery following acidic beverage intake was slower in the orthodontic subjects than in control subjects. Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, therefore, seem to be at higher risk of dental erosion.

Danielson Guedes Pontes, DDS, MS
Cintia Tereza Pimenta Araujo, DDS, MS
Lucia Trazzi Prieto, DDS, MS
Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de Oliveira, DDS, MS
Erick Kamiya Coppini, DDS, MS
Carlos Tadeu Santos Dias, DDS, MS, PhD
Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):31.  

This in vitro study evaluated the nanoleakage of fiber posts luted using different adhesive strategies and investigated the effect of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on nanoleakage at the resin-dentin interfaces of self-adhesive cements. The self-adhesive and etch-and-rinse adhesive groups tested demonstrated similar results with regard to nanoleakage. Pretreatment with CHX promoted an adequate seal at the resin-dentin interface for self-adhesive cements.

Flavio Domingues das Neves, DDS, MS, PhD
Celio Jesus do Prado, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcel Santana Prudente, DDS, MS
Thiago Almeida Prado Naves Carneiro, DDS, MS
Karla Zancope, DDS, MS
Leticia Resende Davi, DDS, MS, PhD
Gustavo Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Lyndon Cooper, DDS, MS, PhD
Carlos Jose Soares, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):39.  

Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the marginal fit of crowns fabricated using a chairside CAD/CAM system and different methods of virtual model acquisition: digital impressioning of a typodont; digital impressioning of a powdered typodont; digital impressioning of a regular impression; and digital impressioning of a master cast. Crowns exhibited significantly smaller vertical misfit when a thin layer of powder was applied over the typodont before digital impressioning.

Amin Salem Milani, DDS, MSc
Alireza Banifatemeh, DDS
Saeed Rahimi, DDS, MSc
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):43.  

This study sought to evaluate how propylene glycol (PG) affects the microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MTA was mixed with different proportions of distilled water (DW) and PG, and microhardness was evaluated on Day 4 and Day 28. PG reduced the microhardness of MTA. The combination of 80% DW/20% PG best improved the handling of MTA without a significant reduction in setting quality.

Daphne Camara Barcellos, DDS, MS, PhD
Graziela Ribeiro Batista, DDS, MS, PhD
Melissa Aline da Silva, DDS, MS
Patricia Rondon Pleffken, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):47.  

This clinical study evaluated the use of 0.11% topical sodium fluoride (SF) desensitizing agent to treat tooth sensitivity during a nightguard tooth whitening procedure using 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel. The use of SF did not affect the whitening efficacy of the 10% CP gel. Subjects receiving the PG reported significantly greater tooth sensitivity than subjects receiving SF.

Emily T. Ibarra, DMD, MS
Wen Lien, DDS, MS
Jeffery Casey, DDS
Sara A. Dixon, DDS, MS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):51.  

This study compared the physical properties of a new nanohybrid composite activated by sonic energy to the properties of other composite restorative materials marketed for posterior or bulk-fill placement. The new nanohybrid composite showed low shrinkage and percent porosity, moderate fracture toughness and flexural modulus, and high flexural strength. However, it also demonstrated a relatively reduced depth of cure compared to the other composites.

Juliana Broch, MSD
Ana Maria Estivalete Marchionatti, DDS, MSD
Cesar Dalmolin Bergoli, MSD, PhD
Luiz Felipe Valandro, MSD, PhD
Osvaldo Bazzan Kaizer, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):58.  

This study evaluated the effect of mechanical cycling on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated weakened roots restored with different intraradicular retainers: cast post-and-cores, fiber posts, fiber posts with larger coronal diameter, or anatomic posts. The results showed that the type of retainer used was statistically significant.

Paulo Sergio da Silva Santos, DDS, MsC, PhD
Karin Sa Fernandes, DDS, MsC, PhD
Alexandre Fraige, DDS, PhD
Marina Gallottini, DDS, MsC, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):64.

Wilson’s disease (WD) is characterized by the accumulation of copper in the body, which may manifest clinically as liver disease, neurologic symptoms, and Kayser-Fleischer corneal rings. This report describes dental management of a 43-year-old man with WD who exhibited petechiae in the oral mucosa, poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, missing teeth, and several carious teeth.

Raju Chauhan, BDS, MDS
Shweta Singh, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):67.  

General dentists must be aware of variations in root canal anatomy. A third root is called radix entomolaris (RE) if it is distolingual to the main distal root and radix paramolaris (RP) if it is mesiobuccal to the mesial root. Single roots with single canals can also occur. This article describes a case of RE, 2 cases of RP, and a second molar with a single root and root canal.

Sarah M. Theodoroff, PhD
Robert L. Folmer, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):71. 

The purpose of this study was to compare audiometric pure tone thresholds of dental clinicians who regularly use handpieces (DCs), other dental professionals (DPs) who do not use these handpieces, and dental students (DSs). DCs had worse hearing than DPs and DSs. Implementation of protective strategies is recommended to reduce the prevalence of occupational hearing loss among DCs.

Nadia de Souza Ferreira, PhD
Raffaela Di Iorio Jeronymo Ferreira, PhD
Patricia Campos Ferreira da Rosa, MS
Ana Paula Martins Gomes, PhD
Carlos Henrique Ribeiro Camargo, PhD
Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e1.  

The push-out method was used to evaluate the bond strengths of 3 types of endodontic cement according to their composite base: methacrylate, epoxy resin, and an experimental copaiba oil resin. There was no statistically significant difference in bond strengths among the cements used or between bonding at the middle and apical thirds of the roots. It was concluded that the tested cements had satisfactory and similar bond strengths to dentin.

Shayan Salim, BS
Andrew Newman, BS
James J. Closmann, DDS
Thomas J. Borris, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e4.  

This article presents 4 cases of molar extraction with unusual complications: fracture during the removal of a maxillary first molar; fracture after a mandibular third molar extraction; displacement of a maxillary third molar into the infratemporal space; and necrosis of the maxillary soft tissue after fracture of the tuberosity during a third molar extraction. The report also describes how each clinician altered treatment for successful outcomes.

Lata Goyal, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e11.  

Transmigration, preeruptive migration of a tooth across the midline, is extremely rare and almost exclusively affects mandibular canines. Although it can lead to restorative, surgical, and orthodontic problems, this condition usually does not cause any painful symptoms and cannot be detected on clinical examination. This article describes 3 cases of transmigration, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis for interceptive treatment.

Neeti Mittal, BDS, MDS
Binita Srivastava, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e16.  

This study assessed the clinical success of 28 indirect composite onlays in grossly decayed primary molars. The onlays showed a 100% retention rate and a marginal integrity of 96.43% at 12 months. Color stability, surface texture, and anatomic form were highly rated, and significant improvements in gingival health were reported.

Marco Tullio Brazao-Silva, DDS, PhD
Fabio Cesar Prosdocimi, DDS, PhD
Celso Augusto Lemos-Junior, DDS, PhD
Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de Sousa, DDS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e22.  

Sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands (SMSG) is rarely reported and presumably underestimated. In this retrospective study, 92% of 25 SMSG cases were not diagnosed clinically. Chronic periductal and parenchymal inflammation was frequent, as was squamous metaplasia of the affected duct. Incidence was greater in the upper lip and buccal mucosa.

Preetha A., MDS
Sujatha D., MDS
Bharathi A. Patil, MDS
Sushmini Hegde, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e27.  

In this study, 100 patients who were previously diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were evaluated to determine the severity of their disease as well as any oral, dental, or salivary pH changes. Severe, long-term GERD was found to be potentially detrimental to oral soft tissues, dental structures, and salivary pH, whereas milder forms of the disease did not necessarily cause dental side effects.

C. Brent Haeberle, DMD
Amara Abreu, DDS, MSD
Kurt Metzler, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e32.  

This article describes use of a bite registration fast-set vinyl polysiloxane material to identify length overextension and/or excessive border thickness of denture flanges and discusses the advantages of vinyl polysiloxane over conventional materials.

Marcos O. Barceleiro, DDS, MSD, PhD
Giulia Marins Soares, DDS
Olivia Espindola, DDS
Sergio Kahn, DDS, MSD, PhD
Isis Andrea Venturini Pola Poiate, DDS, MSD, PhD
Helio Rodrigues Sampaio Filho, DDS, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e36.  

This in vitro study compared the microleakage of a flowable low-shrinkage-stress resin composite and a conventionally layered silorane-based resin composite as 4 mm dentin replacements in a Class II fatigue-loading design. The silorane-based composite groups had higher rates of microleakage than the low-shrinkage-stress resin composite groups.

Eric K. Curtis, DDS, MA, MAGD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):8.

David A. Keller, DDS, MBA, MAGD, ABGD, FACD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):10.

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):12. 

Roger A. Solow, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):14.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):78.

2015 May/Jun; 63(3):79. 

James T. Murph Jr., DMD
Susan H. Jaques, DMD
Alexander N. Knoell, DMD
Geoffrey D. Archibald, DDS
Stan Yang, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):17.  

This study assessed the effectiveness of using an oxidized cellulose dental dressing to reduce the rate of alveolar osteitis after posterior tooth extraction in smokers. Overall, 1.7% of male patients and 2.2% of female patients developed dry sockets. The results indicate that the tested dressing is a safe and effective method for mitigating dry socket formation among smokers.

Zachary Aaron Starr
Judith A. Porter, DDS, EdD, FICD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):22.  

Artificial sweeteners are everywhere. The idea that people can consume a sweet food or beverage with “zero” calories seems too good to be true, and perhaps it is. This article discusses their mechanisms and their relationships to health and disease, including possible links to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.

Cecilia P. Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Carolina S. Silva, DDS
Enrico C. Bridi, DDS
Flavia L.B. Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana M.G. Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Roberta T. Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):26.

The aim of this clinical trial was to compare salivary pH kinetics of patients with and without orthodontic appliances following the intake of an acidic beverage. Salivary pH recovery following acidic beverage intake was slower in the orthodontic subjects than in control subjects. Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, therefore, seem to be at higher risk of dental erosion.

Danielson Guedes Pontes, DDS, MS
Cintia Tereza Pimenta Araujo, DDS, MS
Lucia Trazzi Prieto, DDS, MS
Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de Oliveira, DDS, MS
Erick Kamiya Coppini, DDS, MS
Carlos Tadeu Santos Dias, DDS, MS, PhD
Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):31.  

This in vitro study evaluated the nanoleakage of fiber posts luted using different adhesive strategies and investigated the effect of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on nanoleakage at the resin-dentin interfaces of self-adhesive cements. The self-adhesive and etch-and-rinse adhesive groups tested demonstrated similar results with regard to nanoleakage. Pretreatment with CHX promoted an adequate seal at the resin-dentin interface for self-adhesive cements.

Flavio Domingues das Neves, DDS, MS, PhD
Celio Jesus do Prado, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcel Santana Prudente, DDS, MS
Thiago Almeida Prado Naves Carneiro, DDS, MS
Karla Zancope, DDS, MS
Leticia Resende Davi, DDS, MS, PhD
Gustavo Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Lyndon Cooper, DDS, MS, PhD
Carlos Jose Soares, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):39.  

Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the marginal fit of crowns fabricated using a chairside CAD/CAM system and different methods of virtual model acquisition: digital impressioning of a typodont; digital impressioning of a powdered typodont; digital impressioning of a regular impression; and digital impressioning of a master cast. Crowns exhibited significantly smaller vertical misfit when a thin layer of powder was applied over the typodont before digital impressioning.

Amin Salem Milani, DDS, MSc
Alireza Banifatemeh, DDS
Saeed Rahimi, DDS, MSc
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):43.  

This study sought to evaluate how propylene glycol (PG) affects the microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MTA was mixed with different proportions of distilled water (DW) and PG, and microhardness was evaluated on Day 4 and Day 28. PG reduced the microhardness of MTA. The combination of 80% DW/20% PG best improved the handling of MTA without a significant reduction in setting quality.

Daphne Camara Barcellos, DDS, MS, PhD
Graziela Ribeiro Batista, DDS, MS, PhD
Melissa Aline da Silva, DDS, MS
Patricia Rondon Pleffken, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):47.  

This clinical study evaluated the use of 0.11% topical sodium fluoride (SF) desensitizing agent to treat tooth sensitivity during a nightguard tooth whitening procedure using 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel. The use of SF did not affect the whitening efficacy of the 10% CP gel. Subjects receiving the PG reported significantly greater tooth sensitivity than subjects receiving SF.

Emily T. Ibarra, DMD, MS
Wen Lien, DDS, MS
Jeffery Casey, DDS
Sara A. Dixon, DDS, MS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):51.  

This study compared the physical properties of a new nanohybrid composite activated by sonic energy to the properties of other composite restorative materials marketed for posterior or bulk-fill placement. The new nanohybrid composite showed low shrinkage and percent porosity, moderate fracture toughness and flexural modulus, and high flexural strength. However, it also demonstrated a relatively reduced depth of cure compared to the other composites.

Juliana Broch, MSD
Ana Maria Estivalete Marchionatti, DDS, MSD
Cesar Dalmolin Bergoli, MSD, PhD
Luiz Felipe Valandro, MSD, PhD
Osvaldo Bazzan Kaizer, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):58.  

This study evaluated the effect of mechanical cycling on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated weakened roots restored with different intraradicular retainers: cast post-and-cores, fiber posts, fiber posts with larger coronal diameter, or anatomic posts. The results showed that the type of retainer used was statistically significant.

Paulo Sergio da Silva Santos, DDS, MsC, PhD
Karin Sa Fernandes, DDS, MsC, PhD
Alexandre Fraige, DDS, PhD
Marina Gallottini, DDS, MsC, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):64.

Wilson’s disease (WD) is characterized by the accumulation of copper in the body, which may manifest clinically as liver disease, neurologic symptoms, and Kayser-Fleischer corneal rings. This report describes dental management of a 43-year-old man with WD who exhibited petechiae in the oral mucosa, poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, missing teeth, and several carious teeth.

Raju Chauhan, BDS, MDS
Shweta Singh, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):67.  

General dentists must be aware of variations in root canal anatomy. A third root is called radix entomolaris (RE) if it is distolingual to the main distal root and radix paramolaris (RP) if it is mesiobuccal to the mesial root. Single roots with single canals can also occur. This article describes a case of RE, 2 cases of RP, and a second molar with a single root and root canal.

Sarah M. Theodoroff, PhD
Robert L. Folmer, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):71. 

The purpose of this study was to compare audiometric pure tone thresholds of dental clinicians who regularly use handpieces (DCs), other dental professionals (DPs) who do not use these handpieces, and dental students (DSs). DCs had worse hearing than DPs and DSs. Implementation of protective strategies is recommended to reduce the prevalence of occupational hearing loss among DCs.

Nadia de Souza Ferreira, PhD
Raffaela Di Iorio Jeronymo Ferreira, PhD
Patricia Campos Ferreira da Rosa, MS
Ana Paula Martins Gomes, PhD
Carlos Henrique Ribeiro Camargo, PhD
Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e1.  

The push-out method was used to evaluate the bond strengths of 3 types of endodontic cement according to their composite base: methacrylate, epoxy resin, and an experimental copaiba oil resin. There was no statistically significant difference in bond strengths among the cements used or between bonding at the middle and apical thirds of the roots. It was concluded that the tested cements had satisfactory and similar bond strengths to dentin.

Shayan Salim, BS
Andrew Newman, BS
James J. Closmann, DDS
Thomas J. Borris, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e4.  

This article presents 4 cases of molar extraction with unusual complications: fracture during the removal of a maxillary first molar; fracture after a mandibular third molar extraction; displacement of a maxillary third molar into the infratemporal space; and necrosis of the maxillary soft tissue after fracture of the tuberosity during a third molar extraction. The report also describes how each clinician altered treatment for successful outcomes.

Lata Goyal, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e11.  

Transmigration, preeruptive migration of a tooth across the midline, is extremely rare and almost exclusively affects mandibular canines. Although it can lead to restorative, surgical, and orthodontic problems, this condition usually does not cause any painful symptoms and cannot be detected on clinical examination. This article describes 3 cases of transmigration, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis for interceptive treatment.

Neeti Mittal, BDS, MDS
Binita Srivastava, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e16.  

This study assessed the clinical success of 28 indirect composite onlays in grossly decayed primary molars. The onlays showed a 100% retention rate and a marginal integrity of 96.43% at 12 months. Color stability, surface texture, and anatomic form were highly rated, and significant improvements in gingival health were reported.

Marco Tullio Brazao-Silva, DDS, PhD
Fabio Cesar Prosdocimi, DDS, PhD
Celso Augusto Lemos-Junior, DDS, PhD
Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de Sousa, DDS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e22.  

Sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands (SMSG) is rarely reported and presumably underestimated. In this retrospective study, 92% of 25 SMSG cases were not diagnosed clinically. Chronic periductal and parenchymal inflammation was frequent, as was squamous metaplasia of the affected duct. Incidence was greater in the upper lip and buccal mucosa.

Preetha A., MDS
Sujatha D., MDS
Bharathi A. Patil, MDS
Sushmini Hegde, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e27.  

In this study, 100 patients who were previously diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were evaluated to determine the severity of their disease as well as any oral, dental, or salivary pH changes. Severe, long-term GERD was found to be potentially detrimental to oral soft tissues, dental structures, and salivary pH, whereas milder forms of the disease did not necessarily cause dental side effects.

C. Brent Haeberle, DMD
Amara Abreu, DDS, MSD
Kurt Metzler, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e32.  

This article describes use of a bite registration fast-set vinyl polysiloxane material to identify length overextension and/or excessive border thickness of denture flanges and discusses the advantages of vinyl polysiloxane over conventional materials.

Marcos O. Barceleiro, DDS, MSD, PhD
Giulia Marins Soares, DDS
Olivia Espindola, DDS
Sergio Kahn, DDS, MSD, PhD
Isis Andrea Venturini Pola Poiate, DDS, MSD, PhD
Helio Rodrigues Sampaio Filho, DDS, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e36.  

This in vitro study compared the microleakage of a flowable low-shrinkage-stress resin composite and a conventionally layered silorane-based resin composite as 4 mm dentin replacements in a Class II fatigue-loading design. The silorane-based composite groups had higher rates of microleakage than the low-shrinkage-stress resin composite groups.

Eric K. Curtis, DDS, MA, MAGD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):8.

David A. Keller, DDS, MBA, MAGD, ABGD, FACD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):10.

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):12. 

Roger A. Solow, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):14.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):78.

2015 May/Jun; 63(3):79. 

James T. Murph Jr., DMD
Susan H. Jaques, DMD
Alexander N. Knoell, DMD
Geoffrey D. Archibald, DDS
Stan Yang, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):17.  

This study assessed the effectiveness of using an oxidized cellulose dental dressing to reduce the rate of alveolar osteitis after posterior tooth extraction in smokers. Overall, 1.7% of male patients and 2.2% of female patients developed dry sockets. The results indicate that the tested dressing is a safe and effective method for mitigating dry socket formation among smokers.

Zachary Aaron Starr
Judith A. Porter, DDS, EdD, FICD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):22.  

Artificial sweeteners are everywhere. The idea that people can consume a sweet food or beverage with “zero” calories seems too good to be true, and perhaps it is. This article discusses their mechanisms and their relationships to health and disease, including possible links to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.

Cecilia P. Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Carolina S. Silva, DDS
Enrico C. Bridi, DDS
Flavia L.B. Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana M.G. Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Roberta T. Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):26.

The aim of this clinical trial was to compare salivary pH kinetics of patients with and without orthodontic appliances following the intake of an acidic beverage. Salivary pH recovery following acidic beverage intake was slower in the orthodontic subjects than in control subjects. Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, therefore, seem to be at higher risk of dental erosion.

Danielson Guedes Pontes, DDS, MS
Cintia Tereza Pimenta Araujo, DDS, MS
Lucia Trazzi Prieto, DDS, MS
Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de Oliveira, DDS, MS
Erick Kamiya Coppini, DDS, MS
Carlos Tadeu Santos Dias, DDS, MS, PhD
Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):31.  

This in vitro study evaluated the nanoleakage of fiber posts luted using different adhesive strategies and investigated the effect of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on nanoleakage at the resin-dentin interfaces of self-adhesive cements. The self-adhesive and etch-and-rinse adhesive groups tested demonstrated similar results with regard to nanoleakage. Pretreatment with CHX promoted an adequate seal at the resin-dentin interface for self-adhesive cements.

Flavio Domingues das Neves, DDS, MS, PhD
Celio Jesus do Prado, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcel Santana Prudente, DDS, MS
Thiago Almeida Prado Naves Carneiro, DDS, MS
Karla Zancope, DDS, MS
Leticia Resende Davi, DDS, MS, PhD
Gustavo Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Lyndon Cooper, DDS, MS, PhD
Carlos Jose Soares, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):39.  

Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the marginal fit of crowns fabricated using a chairside CAD/CAM system and different methods of virtual model acquisition: digital impressioning of a typodont; digital impressioning of a powdered typodont; digital impressioning of a regular impression; and digital impressioning of a master cast. Crowns exhibited significantly smaller vertical misfit when a thin layer of powder was applied over the typodont before digital impressioning.

Amin Salem Milani, DDS, MSc
Alireza Banifatemeh, DDS
Saeed Rahimi, DDS, MSc
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):43.  

This study sought to evaluate how propylene glycol (PG) affects the microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MTA was mixed with different proportions of distilled water (DW) and PG, and microhardness was evaluated on Day 4 and Day 28. PG reduced the microhardness of MTA. The combination of 80% DW/20% PG best improved the handling of MTA without a significant reduction in setting quality.

Daphne Camara Barcellos, DDS, MS, PhD
Graziela Ribeiro Batista, DDS, MS, PhD
Melissa Aline da Silva, DDS, MS
Patricia Rondon Pleffken, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):47.  

This clinical study evaluated the use of 0.11% topical sodium fluoride (SF) desensitizing agent to treat tooth sensitivity during a nightguard tooth whitening procedure using 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel. The use of SF did not affect the whitening efficacy of the 10% CP gel. Subjects receiving the PG reported significantly greater tooth sensitivity than subjects receiving SF.

Emily T. Ibarra, DMD, MS
Wen Lien, DDS, MS
Jeffery Casey, DDS
Sara A. Dixon, DDS, MS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):51.  

This study compared the physical properties of a new nanohybrid composite activated by sonic energy to the properties of other composite restorative materials marketed for posterior or bulk-fill placement. The new nanohybrid composite showed low shrinkage and percent porosity, moderate fracture toughness and flexural modulus, and high flexural strength. However, it also demonstrated a relatively reduced depth of cure compared to the other composites.

Juliana Broch, MSD
Ana Maria Estivalete Marchionatti, DDS, MSD
Cesar Dalmolin Bergoli, MSD, PhD
Luiz Felipe Valandro, MSD, PhD
Osvaldo Bazzan Kaizer, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):58.  

This study evaluated the effect of mechanical cycling on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated weakened roots restored with different intraradicular retainers: cast post-and-cores, fiber posts, fiber posts with larger coronal diameter, or anatomic posts. The results showed that the type of retainer used was statistically significant.

Paulo Sergio da Silva Santos, DDS, MsC, PhD
Karin Sa Fernandes, DDS, MsC, PhD
Alexandre Fraige, DDS, PhD
Marina Gallottini, DDS, MsC, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):64.

Wilson’s disease (WD) is characterized by the accumulation of copper in the body, which may manifest clinically as liver disease, neurologic symptoms, and Kayser-Fleischer corneal rings. This report describes dental management of a 43-year-old man with WD who exhibited petechiae in the oral mucosa, poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, missing teeth, and several carious teeth.

Raju Chauhan, BDS, MDS
Shweta Singh, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):67.  

General dentists must be aware of variations in root canal anatomy. A third root is called radix entomolaris (RE) if it is distolingual to the main distal root and radix paramolaris (RP) if it is mesiobuccal to the mesial root. Single roots with single canals can also occur. This article describes a case of RE, 2 cases of RP, and a second molar with a single root and root canal.

Sarah M. Theodoroff, PhD
Robert L. Folmer, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):71. 

The purpose of this study was to compare audiometric pure tone thresholds of dental clinicians who regularly use handpieces (DCs), other dental professionals (DPs) who do not use these handpieces, and dental students (DSs). DCs had worse hearing than DPs and DSs. Implementation of protective strategies is recommended to reduce the prevalence of occupational hearing loss among DCs.

Nadia de Souza Ferreira, PhD
Raffaela Di Iorio Jeronymo Ferreira, PhD
Patricia Campos Ferreira da Rosa, MS
Ana Paula Martins Gomes, PhD
Carlos Henrique Ribeiro Camargo, PhD
Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e1.  

The push-out method was used to evaluate the bond strengths of 3 types of endodontic cement according to their composite base: methacrylate, epoxy resin, and an experimental copaiba oil resin. There was no statistically significant difference in bond strengths among the cements used or between bonding at the middle and apical thirds of the roots. It was concluded that the tested cements had satisfactory and similar bond strengths to dentin.

Shayan Salim, BS
Andrew Newman, BS
James J. Closmann, DDS
Thomas J. Borris, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e4.  

This article presents 4 cases of molar extraction with unusual complications: fracture during the removal of a maxillary first molar; fracture after a mandibular third molar extraction; displacement of a maxillary third molar into the infratemporal space; and necrosis of the maxillary soft tissue after fracture of the tuberosity during a third molar extraction. The report also describes how each clinician altered treatment for successful outcomes.

Lata Goyal, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e11.  

Transmigration, preeruptive migration of a tooth across the midline, is extremely rare and almost exclusively affects mandibular canines. Although it can lead to restorative, surgical, and orthodontic problems, this condition usually does not cause any painful symptoms and cannot be detected on clinical examination. This article describes 3 cases of transmigration, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis for interceptive treatment.

Neeti Mittal, BDS, MDS
Binita Srivastava, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e16.  

This study assessed the clinical success of 28 indirect composite onlays in grossly decayed primary molars. The onlays showed a 100% retention rate and a marginal integrity of 96.43% at 12 months. Color stability, surface texture, and anatomic form were highly rated, and significant improvements in gingival health were reported.

Marco Tullio Brazao-Silva, DDS, PhD
Fabio Cesar Prosdocimi, DDS, PhD
Celso Augusto Lemos-Junior, DDS, PhD
Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de Sousa, DDS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e22.  

Sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands (SMSG) is rarely reported and presumably underestimated. In this retrospective study, 92% of 25 SMSG cases were not diagnosed clinically. Chronic periductal and parenchymal inflammation was frequent, as was squamous metaplasia of the affected duct. Incidence was greater in the upper lip and buccal mucosa.

Preetha A., MDS
Sujatha D., MDS
Bharathi A. Patil, MDS
Sushmini Hegde, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e27.  

In this study, 100 patients who were previously diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were evaluated to determine the severity of their disease as well as any oral, dental, or salivary pH changes. Severe, long-term GERD was found to be potentially detrimental to oral soft tissues, dental structures, and salivary pH, whereas milder forms of the disease did not necessarily cause dental side effects.

C. Brent Haeberle, DMD
Amara Abreu, DDS, MSD
Kurt Metzler, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e32.  

This article describes use of a bite registration fast-set vinyl polysiloxane material to identify length overextension and/or excessive border thickness of denture flanges and discusses the advantages of vinyl polysiloxane over conventional materials.

Marcos O. Barceleiro, DDS, MSD, PhD
Giulia Marins Soares, DDS
Olivia Espindola, DDS
Sergio Kahn, DDS, MSD, PhD
Isis Andrea Venturini Pola Poiate, DDS, MSD, PhD
Helio Rodrigues Sampaio Filho, DDS, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e36.  

This in vitro study compared the microleakage of a flowable low-shrinkage-stress resin composite and a conventionally layered silorane-based resin composite as 4 mm dentin replacements in a Class II fatigue-loading design. The silorane-based composite groups had higher rates of microleakage than the low-shrinkage-stress resin composite groups.

Eric K. Curtis, DDS, MA, MAGD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):8.

David A. Keller, DDS, MBA, MAGD, ABGD, FACD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):10.

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):12. 

Roger A. Solow, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):14.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):78.

2015 May/Jun; 63(3):79. 

James T. Murph Jr., DMD
Susan H. Jaques, DMD
Alexander N. Knoell, DMD
Geoffrey D. Archibald, DDS
Stan Yang, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):17.  

This study assessed the effectiveness of using an oxidized cellulose dental dressing to reduce the rate of alveolar osteitis after posterior tooth extraction in smokers. Overall, 1.7% of male patients and 2.2% of female patients developed dry sockets. The results indicate that the tested dressing is a safe and effective method for mitigating dry socket formation among smokers.

Zachary Aaron Starr
Judith A. Porter, DDS, EdD, FICD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):22.  

Artificial sweeteners are everywhere. The idea that people can consume a sweet food or beverage with “zero” calories seems too good to be true, and perhaps it is. This article discusses their mechanisms and their relationships to health and disease, including possible links to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.

Cecilia P. Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Carolina S. Silva, DDS
Enrico C. Bridi, DDS
Flavia L.B. Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana M.G. Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Roberta T. Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):26.

The aim of this clinical trial was to compare salivary pH kinetics of patients with and without orthodontic appliances following the intake of an acidic beverage. Salivary pH recovery following acidic beverage intake was slower in the orthodontic subjects than in control subjects. Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, therefore, seem to be at higher risk of dental erosion.

Danielson Guedes Pontes, DDS, MS
Cintia Tereza Pimenta Araujo, DDS, MS
Lucia Trazzi Prieto, DDS, MS
Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de Oliveira, DDS, MS
Erick Kamiya Coppini, DDS, MS
Carlos Tadeu Santos Dias, DDS, MS, PhD
Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):31.  

This in vitro study evaluated the nanoleakage of fiber posts luted using different adhesive strategies and investigated the effect of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on nanoleakage at the resin-dentin interfaces of self-adhesive cements. The self-adhesive and etch-and-rinse adhesive groups tested demonstrated similar results with regard to nanoleakage. Pretreatment with CHX promoted an adequate seal at the resin-dentin interface for self-adhesive cements.

Flavio Domingues das Neves, DDS, MS, PhD
Celio Jesus do Prado, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcel Santana Prudente, DDS, MS
Thiago Almeida Prado Naves Carneiro, DDS, MS
Karla Zancope, DDS, MS
Leticia Resende Davi, DDS, MS, PhD
Gustavo Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Lyndon Cooper, DDS, MS, PhD
Carlos Jose Soares, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):39.  

Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the marginal fit of crowns fabricated using a chairside CAD/CAM system and different methods of virtual model acquisition: digital impressioning of a typodont; digital impressioning of a powdered typodont; digital impressioning of a regular impression; and digital impressioning of a master cast. Crowns exhibited significantly smaller vertical misfit when a thin layer of powder was applied over the typodont before digital impressioning.

Amin Salem Milani, DDS, MSc
Alireza Banifatemeh, DDS
Saeed Rahimi, DDS, MSc
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):43.  

This study sought to evaluate how propylene glycol (PG) affects the microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MTA was mixed with different proportions of distilled water (DW) and PG, and microhardness was evaluated on Day 4 and Day 28. PG reduced the microhardness of MTA. The combination of 80% DW/20% PG best improved the handling of MTA without a significant reduction in setting quality.

Daphne Camara Barcellos, DDS, MS, PhD
Graziela Ribeiro Batista, DDS, MS, PhD
Melissa Aline da Silva, DDS, MS
Patricia Rondon Pleffken, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):47.  

This clinical study evaluated the use of 0.11% topical sodium fluoride (SF) desensitizing agent to treat tooth sensitivity during a nightguard tooth whitening procedure using 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel. The use of SF did not affect the whitening efficacy of the 10% CP gel. Subjects receiving the PG reported significantly greater tooth sensitivity than subjects receiving SF.

Emily T. Ibarra, DMD, MS
Wen Lien, DDS, MS
Jeffery Casey, DDS
Sara A. Dixon, DDS, MS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):51.  

This study compared the physical properties of a new nanohybrid composite activated by sonic energy to the properties of other composite restorative materials marketed for posterior or bulk-fill placement. The new nanohybrid composite showed low shrinkage and percent porosity, moderate fracture toughness and flexural modulus, and high flexural strength. However, it also demonstrated a relatively reduced depth of cure compared to the other composites.

Juliana Broch, MSD
Ana Maria Estivalete Marchionatti, DDS, MSD
Cesar Dalmolin Bergoli, MSD, PhD
Luiz Felipe Valandro, MSD, PhD
Osvaldo Bazzan Kaizer, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):58.  

This study evaluated the effect of mechanical cycling on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated weakened roots restored with different intraradicular retainers: cast post-and-cores, fiber posts, fiber posts with larger coronal diameter, or anatomic posts. The results showed that the type of retainer used was statistically significant.

Paulo Sergio da Silva Santos, DDS, MsC, PhD
Karin Sa Fernandes, DDS, MsC, PhD
Alexandre Fraige, DDS, PhD
Marina Gallottini, DDS, MsC, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):64.

Wilson’s disease (WD) is characterized by the accumulation of copper in the body, which may manifest clinically as liver disease, neurologic symptoms, and Kayser-Fleischer corneal rings. This report describes dental management of a 43-year-old man with WD who exhibited petechiae in the oral mucosa, poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, missing teeth, and several carious teeth.

Raju Chauhan, BDS, MDS
Shweta Singh, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):67.  

General dentists must be aware of variations in root canal anatomy. A third root is called radix entomolaris (RE) if it is distolingual to the main distal root and radix paramolaris (RP) if it is mesiobuccal to the mesial root. Single roots with single canals can also occur. This article describes a case of RE, 2 cases of RP, and a second molar with a single root and root canal.

Sarah M. Theodoroff, PhD
Robert L. Folmer, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):71. 

The purpose of this study was to compare audiometric pure tone thresholds of dental clinicians who regularly use handpieces (DCs), other dental professionals (DPs) who do not use these handpieces, and dental students (DSs). DCs had worse hearing than DPs and DSs. Implementation of protective strategies is recommended to reduce the prevalence of occupational hearing loss among DCs.

Nadia de Souza Ferreira, PhD
Raffaela Di Iorio Jeronymo Ferreira, PhD
Patricia Campos Ferreira da Rosa, MS
Ana Paula Martins Gomes, PhD
Carlos Henrique Ribeiro Camargo, PhD
Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e1.  

The push-out method was used to evaluate the bond strengths of 3 types of endodontic cement according to their composite base: methacrylate, epoxy resin, and an experimental copaiba oil resin. There was no statistically significant difference in bond strengths among the cements used or between bonding at the middle and apical thirds of the roots. It was concluded that the tested cements had satisfactory and similar bond strengths to dentin.

Shayan Salim, BS
Andrew Newman, BS
James J. Closmann, DDS
Thomas J. Borris, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e4.  

This article presents 4 cases of molar extraction with unusual complications: fracture during the removal of a maxillary first molar; fracture after a mandibular third molar extraction; displacement of a maxillary third molar into the infratemporal space; and necrosis of the maxillary soft tissue after fracture of the tuberosity during a third molar extraction. The report also describes how each clinician altered treatment for successful outcomes.

Lata Goyal, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e11.  

Transmigration, preeruptive migration of a tooth across the midline, is extremely rare and almost exclusively affects mandibular canines. Although it can lead to restorative, surgical, and orthodontic problems, this condition usually does not cause any painful symptoms and cannot be detected on clinical examination. This article describes 3 cases of transmigration, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis for interceptive treatment.

Neeti Mittal, BDS, MDS
Binita Srivastava, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e16.  

This study assessed the clinical success of 28 indirect composite onlays in grossly decayed primary molars. The onlays showed a 100% retention rate and a marginal integrity of 96.43% at 12 months. Color stability, surface texture, and anatomic form were highly rated, and significant improvements in gingival health were reported.

Marco Tullio Brazao-Silva, DDS, PhD
Fabio Cesar Prosdocimi, DDS, PhD
Celso Augusto Lemos-Junior, DDS, PhD
Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de Sousa, DDS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e22.  

Sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands (SMSG) is rarely reported and presumably underestimated. In this retrospective study, 92% of 25 SMSG cases were not diagnosed clinically. Chronic periductal and parenchymal inflammation was frequent, as was squamous metaplasia of the affected duct. Incidence was greater in the upper lip and buccal mucosa.

Preetha A., MDS
Sujatha D., MDS
Bharathi A. Patil, MDS
Sushmini Hegde, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e27.  

In this study, 100 patients who were previously diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were evaluated to determine the severity of their disease as well as any oral, dental, or salivary pH changes. Severe, long-term GERD was found to be potentially detrimental to oral soft tissues, dental structures, and salivary pH, whereas milder forms of the disease did not necessarily cause dental side effects.

C. Brent Haeberle, DMD
Amara Abreu, DDS, MSD
Kurt Metzler, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e32.  

This article describes use of a bite registration fast-set vinyl polysiloxane material to identify length overextension and/or excessive border thickness of denture flanges and discusses the advantages of vinyl polysiloxane over conventional materials.

Marcos O. Barceleiro, DDS, MSD, PhD
Giulia Marins Soares, DDS
Olivia Espindola, DDS
Sergio Kahn, DDS, MSD, PhD
Isis Andrea Venturini Pola Poiate, DDS, MSD, PhD
Helio Rodrigues Sampaio Filho, DDS, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e36.  

This in vitro study compared the microleakage of a flowable low-shrinkage-stress resin composite and a conventionally layered silorane-based resin composite as 4 mm dentin replacements in a Class II fatigue-loading design. The silorane-based composite groups had higher rates of microleakage than the low-shrinkage-stress resin composite groups.

Eric K. Curtis, DDS, MA, MAGD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):8.

David A. Keller, DDS, MBA, MAGD, ABGD, FACD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):10.

Jane A. Soxman, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):12. 

Roger A. Solow, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):14.

Douglas D. Damm, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):78.

2015 May/Jun; 63(3):79. 

James T. Murph Jr., DMD
Susan H. Jaques, DMD
Alexander N. Knoell, DMD
Geoffrey D. Archibald, DDS
Stan Yang, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):17.  

This study assessed the effectiveness of using an oxidized cellulose dental dressing to reduce the rate of alveolar osteitis after posterior tooth extraction in smokers. Overall, 1.7% of male patients and 2.2% of female patients developed dry sockets. The results indicate that the tested dressing is a safe and effective method for mitigating dry socket formation among smokers.

Zachary Aaron Starr
Judith A. Porter, DDS, EdD, FICD
Nasir Bashirelahi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):22.  

Artificial sweeteners are everywhere. The idea that people can consume a sweet food or beverage with “zero” calories seems too good to be true, and perhaps it is. This article discusses their mechanisms and their relationships to health and disease, including possible links to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.

Cecilia P. Turssi, DDS, MS, PhD
Carolina S. Silva, DDS
Enrico C. Bridi, DDS
Flavia L.B. Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD
Fabiana M.G. Franca, DDS, MS, PhD
Roberta T. Basting, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):26.

The aim of this clinical trial was to compare salivary pH kinetics of patients with and without orthodontic appliances following the intake of an acidic beverage. Salivary pH recovery following acidic beverage intake was slower in the orthodontic subjects than in control subjects. Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, therefore, seem to be at higher risk of dental erosion.

Danielson Guedes Pontes, DDS, MS
Cintia Tereza Pimenta Araujo, DDS, MS
Lucia Trazzi Prieto, DDS, MS
Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de Oliveira, DDS, MS
Erick Kamiya Coppini, DDS, MS
Carlos Tadeu Santos Dias, DDS, MS, PhD
Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):31.  

This in vitro study evaluated the nanoleakage of fiber posts luted using different adhesive strategies and investigated the effect of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on nanoleakage at the resin-dentin interfaces of self-adhesive cements. The self-adhesive and etch-and-rinse adhesive groups tested demonstrated similar results with regard to nanoleakage. Pretreatment with CHX promoted an adequate seal at the resin-dentin interface for self-adhesive cements.

Flavio Domingues das Neves, DDS, MS, PhD
Celio Jesus do Prado, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcel Santana Prudente, DDS, MS
Thiago Almeida Prado Naves Carneiro, DDS, MS
Karla Zancope, DDS, MS
Leticia Resende Davi, DDS, MS, PhD
Gustavo Mendonca, DDS, MS, PhD
Lyndon Cooper, DDS, MS, PhD
Carlos Jose Soares, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):39.  

Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the marginal fit of crowns fabricated using a chairside CAD/CAM system and different methods of virtual model acquisition: digital impressioning of a typodont; digital impressioning of a powdered typodont; digital impressioning of a regular impression; and digital impressioning of a master cast. Crowns exhibited significantly smaller vertical misfit when a thin layer of powder was applied over the typodont before digital impressioning.

Amin Salem Milani, DDS, MSc
Alireza Banifatemeh, DDS
Saeed Rahimi, DDS, MSc
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):43.  

This study sought to evaluate how propylene glycol (PG) affects the microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MTA was mixed with different proportions of distilled water (DW) and PG, and microhardness was evaluated on Day 4 and Day 28. PG reduced the microhardness of MTA. The combination of 80% DW/20% PG best improved the handling of MTA without a significant reduction in setting quality.

Daphne Camara Barcellos, DDS, MS, PhD
Graziela Ribeiro Batista, DDS, MS, PhD
Melissa Aline da Silva, DDS, MS
Patricia Rondon Pleffken, DDS, MS, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, DDS, MS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):47.  

This clinical study evaluated the use of 0.11% topical sodium fluoride (SF) desensitizing agent to treat tooth sensitivity during a nightguard tooth whitening procedure using 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel. The use of SF did not affect the whitening efficacy of the 10% CP gel. Subjects receiving the PG reported significantly greater tooth sensitivity than subjects receiving SF.

Emily T. Ibarra, DMD, MS
Wen Lien, DDS, MS
Jeffery Casey, DDS
Sara A. Dixon, DDS, MS
Kraig S. Vandewalle, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):51.  

This study compared the physical properties of a new nanohybrid composite activated by sonic energy to the properties of other composite restorative materials marketed for posterior or bulk-fill placement. The new nanohybrid composite showed low shrinkage and percent porosity, moderate fracture toughness and flexural modulus, and high flexural strength. However, it also demonstrated a relatively reduced depth of cure compared to the other composites.

Juliana Broch, MSD
Ana Maria Estivalete Marchionatti, DDS, MSD
Cesar Dalmolin Bergoli, MSD, PhD
Luiz Felipe Valandro, MSD, PhD
Osvaldo Bazzan Kaizer, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):58.  

This study evaluated the effect of mechanical cycling on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated weakened roots restored with different intraradicular retainers: cast post-and-cores, fiber posts, fiber posts with larger coronal diameter, or anatomic posts. The results showed that the type of retainer used was statistically significant.

Paulo Sergio da Silva Santos, DDS, MsC, PhD
Karin Sa Fernandes, DDS, MsC, PhD
Alexandre Fraige, DDS, PhD
Marina Gallottini, DDS, MsC, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):64.

Wilson’s disease (WD) is characterized by the accumulation of copper in the body, which may manifest clinically as liver disease, neurologic symptoms, and Kayser-Fleischer corneal rings. This report describes dental management of a 43-year-old man with WD who exhibited petechiae in the oral mucosa, poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, missing teeth, and several carious teeth.

Raju Chauhan, BDS, MDS
Shweta Singh, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):67.  

General dentists must be aware of variations in root canal anatomy. A third root is called radix entomolaris (RE) if it is distolingual to the main distal root and radix paramolaris (RP) if it is mesiobuccal to the mesial root. Single roots with single canals can also occur. This article describes a case of RE, 2 cases of RP, and a second molar with a single root and root canal.

Sarah M. Theodoroff, PhD
Robert L. Folmer, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):71. 

The purpose of this study was to compare audiometric pure tone thresholds of dental clinicians who regularly use handpieces (DCs), other dental professionals (DPs) who do not use these handpieces, and dental students (DSs). DCs had worse hearing than DPs and DSs. Implementation of protective strategies is recommended to reduce the prevalence of occupational hearing loss among DCs.

Nadia de Souza Ferreira, PhD
Raffaela Di Iorio Jeronymo Ferreira, PhD
Patricia Campos Ferreira da Rosa, MS
Ana Paula Martins Gomes, PhD
Carlos Henrique Ribeiro Camargo, PhD
Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho, PhD
Marcia Carneiro Valera, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e1.  

The push-out method was used to evaluate the bond strengths of 3 types of endodontic cement according to their composite base: methacrylate, epoxy resin, and an experimental copaiba oil resin. There was no statistically significant difference in bond strengths among the cements used or between bonding at the middle and apical thirds of the roots. It was concluded that the tested cements had satisfactory and similar bond strengths to dentin.

Shayan Salim, BS
Andrew Newman, BS
James J. Closmann, DDS
Thomas J. Borris, DDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e4.  

This article presents 4 cases of molar extraction with unusual complications: fracture during the removal of a maxillary first molar; fracture after a mandibular third molar extraction; displacement of a maxillary third molar into the infratemporal space; and necrosis of the maxillary soft tissue after fracture of the tuberosity during a third molar extraction. The report also describes how each clinician altered treatment for successful outcomes.

Lata Goyal, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e11.  

Transmigration, preeruptive migration of a tooth across the midline, is extremely rare and almost exclusively affects mandibular canines. Although it can lead to restorative, surgical, and orthodontic problems, this condition usually does not cause any painful symptoms and cannot be detected on clinical examination. This article describes 3 cases of transmigration, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis for interceptive treatment.

Neeti Mittal, BDS, MDS
Binita Srivastava, BDS, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e16.  

This study assessed the clinical success of 28 indirect composite onlays in grossly decayed primary molars. The onlays showed a 100% retention rate and a marginal integrity of 96.43% at 12 months. Color stability, surface texture, and anatomic form were highly rated, and significant improvements in gingival health were reported.

Marco Tullio Brazao-Silva, DDS, PhD
Fabio Cesar Prosdocimi, DDS, PhD
Celso Augusto Lemos-Junior, DDS, PhD
Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de Sousa, DDS, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e22.  

Sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands (SMSG) is rarely reported and presumably underestimated. In this retrospective study, 92% of 25 SMSG cases were not diagnosed clinically. Chronic periductal and parenchymal inflammation was frequent, as was squamous metaplasia of the affected duct. Incidence was greater in the upper lip and buccal mucosa.

Preetha A., MDS
Sujatha D., MDS
Bharathi A. Patil, MDS
Sushmini Hegde, MDS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e27.  

In this study, 100 patients who were previously diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were evaluated to determine the severity of their disease as well as any oral, dental, or salivary pH changes. Severe, long-term GERD was found to be potentially detrimental to oral soft tissues, dental structures, and salivary pH, whereas milder forms of the disease did not necessarily cause dental side effects.

C. Brent Haeberle, DMD
Amara Abreu, DDS, MSD
Kurt Metzler, DDS, MS
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e32.  

This article describes use of a bite registration fast-set vinyl polysiloxane material to identify length overextension and/or excessive border thickness of denture flanges and discusses the advantages of vinyl polysiloxane over conventional materials.

Marcos O. Barceleiro, DDS, MSD, PhD
Giulia Marins Soares, DDS
Olivia Espindola, DDS
Sergio Kahn, DDS, MSD, PhD
Isis Andrea Venturini Pola Poiate, DDS, MSD, PhD
Helio Rodrigues Sampaio Filho, DDS, MSD, PhD
2015 May/Jun; 63(3):e36.  

This in vitro study compared the microleakage of a flowable low-shrinkage-stress resin composite and a conventionally layered silorane-based resin composite as 4 mm dentin replacements in a Class II fatigue-loading design. The silorane-based composite groups had higher rates of microleakage than the low-shrinkage-stress resin composite groups.