Microcomputed tomographic evaluation of mandibular molars with single distal canals

Self-Instruction Exercise No. 373
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Exercise No. 373
Subject Code: 012
Anatomy

The 15 questions for this exercise are based on the article, Microcomputed tomographic evaluation of mandibular molars with single distal canals, on pages 33-37. This exercise was developed by Anthony S. Carroccia, DDS, MAGD, ABGD, in association with the General Dentistry Self-Instruction committee.

Reading the article and successfully completing this exercise will enable you to:

  • learn about microcomputed tomography (µCT);
  • recognize canal classifications; and
  • understand how variations in mandibular molar canal morphology can affect endodontic treatment.

Answers for this exercise must be received by August 31, 2016.
  1. How many molars were involved in this study?

    A. 228
    B. 206
    C. 129
    D. 114

  2. Inadequate anatomical knowledge of the canal may lead the clinician to perform all of the following procedures incompletely except one. Which is the exception?

    A. cleaning
    B. shaping
    C. obturation
    D. amputation

  3. It has been reported that 59.5% of distal canals exit through different foramina in mandibular molars. In contrast, 40.5% of distal canals share a common foramen in mandibular molars.

    A. Both statements are true.
    B. The first statement is true; the second is false.
    C. The first statement is false; the second is true.
    D. Both statements are false.

  4. The distal root of mandibular first molars will have a single canal with a single foramen ______% of the time.

    A. 96
    B. 82
    C. 56
    D. 41

  5. In classic studies on canals, which dye was used to disclose the pulp space?

    A. alazin (red)
    B. fuchsin (violet)
    C. hematoxylin (black)
    D. tropaeolin (orange)

  6. µCT is a less invasive and more detailed scan than past technologies. µCT collects 3-dimensional projections of X-rays to reconstruct a 2-dimensional image.

    A. Both statements are true.
    B. The first statement is true; the second is false.
    C. The first statement is false; the second is true.
    D. Both statements are false.

  7. The prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars is about _______%.

    A. 10
    B. 20
    C. 30
    D. 40

  8. Which irrigant was used on the specimens while they were in the ultrasonic cleaning unit?

    A. chlorhexidine
    B. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
    C. hydrogen peroxide
    D. sodium hypochlorite

  9. All of the following parameters were used by the µCT system when scanning the teeth except one. Which was the exception?

    A. The intensity was 78 µA.
    B. Scan times were 3.5 hours.
    C. Four plates were used at one time.
    D. On each plate, 6 teeth were scanned.

  10. Teeth were excluded from studies for all of the following reasons except one. Which is the exception?

    A. calcifications
    B. C-shaped anatomy
    C. internal resorption
    D. 2 separate distal canals

  11. Vertucci type _____ was defined as having 2 distinct canals with 2 distinct foramina.

    A. I
    B. II
    C. III
    D. IV

  12. Separate mandibular mesial canals had an average interorifice distance of about _____ mm.

    A. 4
    B. 3
    C. 2
    D. 1

  13. When a mandibular molar had 2 separate distal canals with 2 portals of exit, the likelihood of the same Vertucci type on the mesial was _____%.

    A. 100
    B. 73
    C. 7.3
    D. 0

  14. The incidence of conjoined mesial canals in first and second molars combined was the least in the apical third at 55.8%. The incidence of conjoined canals was higher in the middle third of the root at 27.1%.

    A. Both statements are true.
    B. The first statement is true; the second is false.
    C. The first statement is false; the second is true.
    D. Both statements are false.

  15. Which of the following had the highest incidence of conjoined canals?

    A. first molar, apical third
    B. first molar, middle third
    C. second molar, apical third
    D. second molar, coronal third

Evaluation
Please respond to the statements below, using the following scale:
1 Poor; 2 Below average; 3 Average; 4 Above average; 5 Excellent
Practicality of the content 1 2 3 4 5
Benefit to your clinical practice 1 2 3 4 5
Quality of illustrations 1 2 3 4 5
Clarity of objectives 1 2 3 4 5
Clarity of exercise questions 1 2 3 4 5
Relevance of exercise questions 1 2 3 4 5
 
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Did this article present new information? Yes No
How much time did it take you to complete this exercise? mins

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